Metallic skeletons as reinforcement of new composite materials applied in orthopaedics and dentistry

Abstract

Purpose: The article concerns the development of completely new groups of composite materials that can be used to produce functional replacements for damaged bones or teeth. Design/methodology/approach: A selective laser sintering was used to produce the reinforcement of those materials from titanium and its Ti6Al4V alloy in the form of skeletons with pores with adjustable geometric features. The matrix of those materials is either air or crystallised from the liquid AlSi12 or AlSi7Mg0.3 alloys condition after prior vacuum infiltration or human osteoblast cells from the hFOB 1.19 (Human ATCC - CRL - 11372) culture line. Findings: The porous material may be used for the non-biodegradable scaffold. After implantation into the body in the form of an implant-scaffold one, it allows the natural cells of the patient to grow into the pores of the implant, and it fuses with the bone or the appropriate tissue over time. The essential part of the implant-scaffold is the porous part inseparably connected with the core of solid materials. Into pores can grow living cells. Research limitations/implications: Biological-engineering composite materials in which natural cells were cultured in the pores in the laboratory next are combined as an artificial material with the natural cells of the patient in his/her body. Practical implications: The hybrid technologies of the all group of those materials were obtained and optimised. Numerous structure research was carried out using the most modern research methods of contemporary materials engineering, and mechanical tests and biological research involving the cultivation of natural cells were realised. Originality/value: The results of the research indicate the accuracy of the idea of implementing a new group of biological-engineering materials and the wide possibilities of their application in regenerative medicine.

Dentistry 4.0 Concept in the Design and Manufacturing of Prosthetic Dental Restorations

“…Studies using human cells from the hFOB 1.19 osteoblast culture line (Human ATCC-CRL-11372) American Type Culture Collection ATCC (USA) have been performed. In the example of the Ti6Al4V alloy, it has been indicated that coverage with ALD layers promotes the growth of viable cells, and their viability increases by up to more than 12% [244,245]. The stereolithographic (SLA) method is applicable to the implant template model.…”

“…A new class of implantable devices that, by all means, are desirable to use, among others, in dental implantology are implant-scaffolds. Those are new applications for which, due to the inability to depart from medical indications to classical prosthesis/implantation, it is necessary for natural cells to grow into the implanted elements and not just to generate living cells on their surface [2,3,80,244,245]. The wholly innovative and patent-protected implant-scaffolds, developed by the authors of this paper, contain a solid zone, like all implants used so far, and a hybrid porous zone is connected to it, fulfilling the function of scaffolds.…”

“…Implant-scaffolds can also be dedicated to dental implantology. The idea is developed by the author's concept of hybrid multilayer biological-engineering composites [244,245]. The structure of those hybrid multilayer composites is the artificial part, produced in the form of a porous skeleton by the SLS method with optional ALD layers inside the pores, and the biological part, consisting of living cells filling the micropores of skeletal engineering materials [244,245].…”

“…The idea is developed by the author's concept of hybrid multilayer biological-engineering composites [244,245]. The structure of those hybrid multilayer composites is the artificial part, produced in the form of a porous skeleton by the SLS method with optional ALD layers inside the pores, and the biological part, consisting of living cells filling the micropores of skeletal engineering materials [244,245]. Such hybrid multilayer biological-engineering composites after completing in-vitro and in-vivo tests will find their use in dentistry and regenerative medicine, in general, to replace damaged and removed parts of the body, including teeth.…”

Application Solid Laser-Sintered or Machined Ti6Al4V Alloy in Manufacturing of Dental Implants and Dental Prosthetic Restorations According to Dentistry 4.0 Concept

“…They are many reasons why implant-scaffolds are desirable over other methods in dental implantology. Implant-scaffolds allow the living cells to grow into the pores of the implanted elements, not just the culturing of live cells on their surface [12][13][14][19][20][21][22]. Among the dentistry specialisations in the Dentistry 4.0 model, dental and maxillofacial surgery with implantology and periodontology as well as prosthetics and implant prosthetics are of particular importance.…”