Metallic phase enabling MoS2 nanosheets as an efficient sonosensitizer for photothermal-enhanced sonodynamic antibacterial therapy

Abstract

Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) nanosheets (e.g., MoS2) with metallic phase (1T or 1T´ phase) have been proven to exhibit superior performances in various applications as compared to their semiconducting 2H-phase counterparts. However, it remains unclear how the crystal phase of 2D TMD nanosheets affects their sonodynamic property. In this work, we report the preparation of MoS2 nanosheets with different phases (metallic 1T/1T´ or semiconducting 2H) and exploration of its crystal-phase effect on photothermal-enhanced sonodynamic antibacterial therapy. Interestingly, the defective 2D MoS2 nanosheets with high-percentage metallic 1T/1T´ phase (denoted as M-MoS2) present much higher activity towards the ultrasound-induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as compared to the semiconducting 2H-phase MoS2 nanosheets. More interestingly, owing to its metallic phase-enabled strong absorption in the near-infrared-II (NIR-II) regime, the ultrasound-induced ROS generation performance of the M-MoS2 nanosheets can be further enhanced by the photothermal effect under a 1064 nm laser irradiation. Thus, after modifying with polyvinylpyrrolidone, the M-MoS2 nanosheets can be used as an efficient sonosensitizer for photothermal-enhanced sonodynamic bacterial elimination under ultrasound treatment combining with NIR-II laser irradiation. This study demonstrates that metallic MoS2 nanosheets can be used as a promising sonosensitizer for antibacterial therapy, which might be also promising for cancer therapies. Graphical Abstract

Growth of Cu2O Nanoparticles on Two-Dimensional Zr–Ferrocene–Metal–Organic Framework Nanosheets for Photothermally Enhanced Chemodynamic Antibacterial Therapy

“…Bacterial infection is a severe threat to human health all over the world. , Because of the uncontrolled use of antibiotics for a long time, many bacteria have developed drug resistance, which will seriously threaten human health. , Therefore, there is a pressing need to design and develop new antimicrobial platforms to meet the needs of human beings. , In recent years, some antibacterial therapies without using antibiotics have been developed such as the controlled release of silver ions, , photothermal therapy (PTT), , chemodynamic therapy (CDT), − and photodynamic therapy (PDT). , Among them, CDT is a treatment that requires no extra energy input, and thus, it can avoid the limitation of light penetration in tissues . In the last decade, many inorganic nanomaterials, such as metal oxides ,, and metal chalcogenides, − have been developed as nanoagents for antibacterial through CDT because they can catalyze the Fenton or Fenton-like reaction with hydrogen peroxide to generate highly toxic hydroxyl radicals (·OH) to destroy biomolecules (such as DNA and proteins) in bacteria. Promisingly, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) containing active metal cation centers (e.g., Fe 3+ , Co 3+ , etc.…”

Embellishing 2-D MoS2 Nanosheets on Lotus Thread Devices for Enhanced Hydrophobicity and Antimicrobial Activity

“…Thus, the antimicrobial studies conducted confirm the more antibacterial and antifungal activity of the coated nanoparticle lotus fiber threads under dark conditions than in ambient light. MoS 2 nanosheets can generate ROS and induce physical damage for bacterial inactivation . Similarly, Basu et al have shown the antifungal and antipollutant activity of MoS 2 nanosheets under dark conditions .…”

“…MoS 2 nanosheets can generate ROS and induce physical damage for bacterial inactivation. 48 Similarly, Basu et al have shown the antifungal and antipollutant activity of MoS 2 nanosheets under dark conditions. 49 In their seminal work, Alimohammadi et al reported that peptidoglycan mesh in the bacterial cell wall has been indicated as a primary target for interaction with the sheets leading to morphological changes and cell wall damage.…”

Layered double hydroxide-based nanomaterials for biomedical applications

“…With the development of nanotechnology, nanomaterial-based antimicrobial agents have been used in antimicrobial therapy to improve drug utilization, enhance antibacterial activity, and reduce biological toxicity and antimicrobial resistance. [405][406][407][408] LDHs' good biocompatibility, pH-sensitive biodegradability, and bacteria adsorption ability driven by electrostatic interaction have laid a solid foundation for the preparation of highefficiency antibacterial agents. The antibacterial mechanisms of LDHs include: (1) LDHs themselves as antibacterial agents.…”