Metal cation-ligand interaction modulated mono-network ionic conductive hydrogel for wearable strain sensor

Hydrogels with electrically conductive nanomaterials for biomedical applications

“…23 Metal ions, in particular, can act both as cross-linking agents for polymer chains and electrolytes of ionic conductivity. 24 The cross-linking mechanism is metal-ligand interaction where the metal ions form coordinate covalent bonds with chelating agents (N, O, S) in the polymer chain. 25 In high concentrations, the free metal ions contribute to the ionic conductivity of the hydrogel.…”

“…25 In high concentrations, the free metal ions contribute to the ionic conductivity of the hydrogel. 24 Zhang et al review the recent advances in metal ion hydrogels for biological applications. 25 Non-ionic polymer chains may impair the ionic conductivity of hydrogels, compared to polyelectrolyte hydrogels.…”

A review of recent advances in metal ion hydrogels: mechanism, properties and their biological applications

“…118 Metal ion hydrogels were cheaper and easier to disperse material and widely used in many electronic devices due to their good flexibility and conductivity. 70 In addition, the hydrogel was a three-dimensional porous network of interconnected nanofiber, which provided conditions for metal ion to enter the hydrogel network and improved the conductivity. The concent and type of metal ion had a significant impact on the conductivity of hydrogels.…”

“…118 Metal ion hydrogels were cheaper and easier to disperse material and widely used in many electronic devices due to their good flexibility and conductivity. 70…”

“…Liang et al showed that high concentrations of multivalent metal ions could simultaneously improve ionic conductivity. 70 They used trivalent metal ion as cross-linking agents to prepare hydrogels in one-pot reaction and studied the conductivity of the Al 3+ and Cr 3+ . The results showed that the Al 3+ cross-linking with the hydrogel had better conductivity than Cr 3+ .…”