Metabolism of Phenolics of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Roots under In Vitro Digestion and Colonic Fermentation as Well as Their In Vivo Antioxidant Activity in Rats

Abstract

Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg is a herbaceous perennial species distributed mainly in southern China. The Tetrastigma hemsleyanum root (THR) has been prevalently consumed as a functional tea or dietary supplement. In vitro digestion models, including colonic fermentation, were built to evaluate the release and stability of THR phenolics with the method of HPLC-QqQ-MS/MS and UPLC-Qtof-MS/MS. From the oral cavity, the contents of total phenolic and flavonoid began to degrade. Quercetin-3-rutinoside, quercetin-3-glucoside, kaempferol-3-rutinoside, and kaempferol-3-glucoside were metabolized as major components and they were absorbed in the form of glycosides for hepatic metabolism. On the other hand, the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, and glutathione (GSH) content were significantly increased, while malondialdehyde (MDA) content was decreased in plasma and tissues of rats treated with THR extract in the oxidative stress model. These results indicated that the THR extract is a good antioxidant substance and has good bioavailability, which can effectively prevent some chronic diseases caused by oxidative stress. It also provides a basis for the effectiveness of THR as a traditional functional food.

Contribution of the diverse experimental models to unravelling the biological scope of dietary (poly)phenols

“…In this sense, Sun et al described the metabolism of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum roots using the colonic fermentation model and demonstrated that colonic microorganisms can decompose the (poly)phenols present in this plant, as the total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were reduced by 61% and 76% respectively. 109 Moreover, a recent study carried out by Vázquez-Rodríguez et al showed the potential of Silvetia compressa to improve human gut microbiota by the use of this model. 110 Once the effect of the gastrointestinal digestion on the release and stability of bioactive phytochemicals present in dietary plant-based foods available to be absorbed at the intestinal level is clarified, cell cultures represent an interesting predictive tool to study the capacity of bioactive compounds to cross the intestinal barrier.…”

“…In this sense, Sun et al . described the metabolism of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum roots using the colonic fermentation model and demonstrated that colonic microorganisms can decompose the (poly)phenols present in this plant, as the total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were reduced by 61% and 76% respectively 109 . Moreover, a recent study carried out by Vázquez‐Rodríguez et al .…”

The Therapeutic Potential of Kaemferol and Other Naturally Occurring Polyphenols Might Be Modulated by Nrf2-ARE Signaling Pathway: Current Status and Future Direction

“…The resultant contents then bind to starch in the digestive tract [113]. Furthermore, another study showed kaempferol glycosides degradation and absorption during gastrointestinal digestion [114]. The Nrf2 interactome is functionally linked to cytoprotection in lowgrade stress, chronic inflammation, metabolic alterations, mechanical stress, and ROS formation [115].…”

Quality Evaluation of Tetrastigmae Radix from Two Different Habitats Based on Simultaneous Determination of Multiple Bioactive Constituents Combined with Multivariate Statistical Analysis

“…Modern phytochemistry shows that SYQ contains a variety of active ingredients, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, nucleosides, amino acids, polysaccharides, triterpenes, steroids, alkaloids, and other constituents [ 3 ]. Modern pharmacological research on SYQ has a variety of pharmacological effects, including antitumor, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antipyretic, analgesic, immunomodulatory, and other activities [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. Among the total phenolic acids and total flavonoids of SYQ, rutin, isoquercitrin, nicotifiorin, and astragalin are the main substances, for which metabolites in the body could explain some of the antioxidant biomarkers [ 9 ].…”

“…Modern pharmacological research on SYQ has a variety of pharmacological effects, including antitumor, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antipyretic, analgesic, immunomodulatory, and other activities [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. Among the total phenolic acids and total flavonoids of SYQ, rutin, isoquercitrin, nicotifiorin, and astragalin are the main substances, for which metabolites in the body could explain some of the antioxidant biomarkers [ 9 ]. Amino acids and nucleosides are usually considered to have nutritional value and health benefits [ 15 ].…”