Metabolism and depletion of nifursol in broilers

Residue depletion of nifuroxazide in broiler chicken

“…Many reports showed the parent nitrofurans were metabolised rapidly in vivo . However, our previous study showed nitrovin was not metabolised in chicken and it was still detectable in liver, muscle and fat after a withdrawal period of 28 days .…”

“…The previous reports showed nifursol, furazolidone, nitrofurantoin, nitrofurazone and furaltadone were metabolised rapidly in vivo , and the parent drugs were not detectable within a few hours after cessation of treatment . However, their metabolites, such as the metabolites of furazolidone and nifursol (Fig.…”

Determination of the depletion of furazolidone residues in chicken tissues using a Bacillus stearothermophilus test

“…Furazolidone is rapidly and completely degraded in liver, kidney and muscle tissues of calves (Zuidema et al, 2005). Biotransformation of furazolidone results in formation of protein bound metabolite, 3-amino-2-oxazolidinone (AOZ) which has been shown to have a long residence time in tissues (McCracken, Van Rhijn, & Kennedy, 2005;Cooper et al, 2005).…”

“…Due to this, a long withdrawal period prior to slaughter of treated animals is usually observed. The presence of anticoccidial residues in poultry meat may have serious toxicological consequences (Zuidema et al, 2005). It is therefore important to avoid these residues in chicken tissues ( Bergwertt, 2005).…”

Determination of Nitrofuran Residues in Tilapia Tissue by Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Confirmation by Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometric Detection

“…12 Broilers were treated with medicated feed containing 50 mg kg -1 of nifursol over a 7-day period, and the results showed that nifursol could be detected only in the bile and the plasma 3 days after the cessation of treatment; it could not be detected in the liver, kidney or muscle samples of the broilers (limit of determination, LOD = 1-2 mg kg -1 for tissue). 13 The absorption and elimination half-lives of furazolidone in the serum are 0.2 and 3.3 h, respectively, 14 and therefore the detection of the parent drug in the animal tissue is generally not very applicable or useful. Some residues are metabolites of furazolidone, one of which is a 3-amino-2-oxazolidinone (AOZ) side chain, which can be released from bound residues under acidic conditions and detected by reaction with 2-nitrobenzaldhyde to produce 2-nitrophenylmethylene-3-amino-2-oxazolidinone (NPAOZ) 15 ( Fig.…”