Determination of Nitrofuran Residues in <i>Tilapia</i> Tissue by Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Confirmation by Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometric Detection

Tsai, Chieh-Yuan; Hsu, Chi‐Hsin; Wang, Wei-Hsien

doi:10.1002/jccs.200900086

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Therefore, newer analytical methods have been directed to detect and determine the side-chain residues instead of the parent NFs. Thus, a 2-nitrobenzaldehyde derivatization-based LC-MS method with APCI or ESI inferfaces is widely used to determine NFs residues in milk of dairy cows , pig's liver (Horne et al, 1996), honey (Tribalat et al, 2006;Lopez et al, 2007), Tilapia tissue (Tsai, Hsu, & Wang, 2009), and pork (Xia et al, 2008).…”

Section: Drug-residue Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of the capabilities of liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry with derivatization: General principles and applications

Zou

Liu

et al. 2011

Mass Spectrometry Reviews

135

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The integration of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) with derivatization is a relatively new and unique strategy that could add value and could enhance the capabilities of LC-MS-based technologies. The derivatization process could be carried out in various analytical steps, for example, sampling, storage, sample preparation, HPLC separation, and MS detection. This review presents an overview of derivatization-based LC-MS strategy over the past 10 years and covers both the general principles and applications in the fields of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis, biomarker and metabolomic research, environmental analysis, and food-safety evaluation. The underlying mechanisms and theories for derivative reagent selection are summarized and highlighted to guide future studies.

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Section: Drug-residue Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of the capabilities of liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry with derivatization: General principles and applications

Zou

Liu

et al. 2011

Mass Spectrometry Reviews

135

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“…Franek et al (2006) developed an ELISA for NPAOZ in eggs with a CCβ of 0.3 µg/kg. For fish, a number of NPAOZ ELISAs have been developed with LOD/LOQ values of 0.1/0.3 µg/kg (Cheng et al, 2009;Tsai et al, 2009;Liu et al, 2010b). For pork, chicken and beef muscle and liver samples, ELISA tests for NPAOZ were developed with a CCβ value of 0.4 µg/kg (Diblikova et al, 2005), with LOD values of 0.3-0.4 µg/kg (Chang et al, 2008) and with an LOD value of 1.0 µg/kg (Nesterenko et al, 2012).…”

Section: Screening Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on nitrofurans and their metabolites in food

Panel¹

2015

EFS2

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Nitrofurans are antimicrobial agents not authorised for use in food-producing animals in the European Union. Nitrofurans are rapidly metabolised, occurring in animal tissues as protein-bound metabolites. The European Commission requested EFSA to provide a scientific opinion on the risks to human health related to the presence of nitrofurans in food and whether a reference point for action (RPA) of 1.0 µg/kg for the marker metabolites is adequate to protect public health. Data on occurrence of nitrofuran marker metabolites in food were extracted from the national residue monitoring plan results and from the Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF). The CONTAM Panel concluded that these data were too limited to carry out a reliable human dietary exposure assessment. Instead, human dietary exposure was calculated for a scenario in which a single nitrofuran marker metabolite is present at 1.0 µg/kg in foods of animal origin, excluding milk and dairy products. The mean chronic dietary exposure for this worst-case scenario would range from 3.3 to 8.0 and 1.9 to 4.3 ng/kg b.w. per day for toddlers and adults, respectively. Nitrofurans and their marker metabolites, generally, are genotoxic and carcinogenic and, also, have non-neoplastic effects in animals. Margins of exposure (MOEs) were calculated at 2.0 × 10 5 or greater for carcinogenicity and at 2.5 × 10 3 or greater for non-neoplastic effects. The CONTAM Panel concluded that it is unlikely that exposure to food contaminated with nitrofuran marker metabolites at or below 1.0 µg/kg is a health concern. A scenario in which foods are considered to be contaminated with semicarbazide, from use of carrageenan as a food additive, at 1 µg/kg was used to assess whether it is appropriate to apply the RPA to foods of non-animal origin; MOEs of greater than 10 4 calculated for nonneoplastic effects do not indicate a health concern.© European Food Safety Authority, 2015 However, the opinion also identified certain categories of non-allowed pharmacologically active substances that are considered to be outside the scope of the procedure, including substances that are high potency carcinogens, such as nitrofurans. As nitrofurans are excluded from that opinion, and taking into account that the presence of SEM in food may be from sources other than use of nitrofurazone, the European Commission (EC) requested the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) for a scientific opinion on the risks to human health related to the presence of nitrofurans and their metabolites in food. The opinion should include (a) an evaluation of the toxicity of nitrofurans and their metabolites for humans, considering all relevant toxicological endpoints and identification of the toxicological relevance of nitrofurans and their metabolites present in food, and (b) an exposure assessment of the EU population to nitrofurans and their metabolites from food, including the consumption patterns of specific (vulnerable) groups of the population. In addition, the opinion should assess the appropriateness of...

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“…The first commercially available immunoassay kits for nitrofurans were ELISA kits for AOZ and AMOZ launched by R-Biopharm in 2004. These kits have since been the subject of evaluation in the literature [65,66,67,68] and application to a range of foods and have been applied in a residue depletion study [66] and a retail screening survey [69]. Evaluations have also been published of AHD and SEM ELISA kits manufactured by Randox [68] and four kits (not currently available) from WDWK Biotech [70].…”

Section: Commercial Nitrofuran Test Kitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Antibodies and Immunoassays for Monitoring of Nitrofuran Antibiotics in the Food Chain

Cooper

Fodey

Campbell

et al. 2018

COC

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Nitrofurans are a broad group of drugs once widely used for treatment of microbial and protozoal infections in many livestock species. However, as concerns grew globally with regard to the potentially carcinogenic and mutagenic effects of their residues in foods, they have been banned from use in many parts of the world. In order to monitor compliance to these bans it is essential to have fitfor-purpose testing methods. Immunoassays are the screening tool of choice for many testing laboratories due to their relative low cost, ease of use and high sensitivity. As is the case with all immunoassays, the most important reagents required are high quality, high affinity antibodies that exhibit the required sensitivity and specificity. Generating such antibodies for the nitrofuran family of compounds has required a great deal of effort in the design of immunogens, as the compounds, due to size, are not capable of eliciting an immune response in hosts and are not easily conjugated to carrier proteins. This article reviews the range of strategies used to successfully generate suitable antibodies to a wide range of these drugs and their metabolites. In addition, the platform technologies for nitrofuran detection have moved from simple enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based procedures to more sophisticated multiplexing systems which can undertake faster and broader spectrum testing for the parent drugs and their metabolites. Reviews of the technologies used for immunochemical detection of the nitrofurans and of commercially available test kits are also presented.

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Determination of Nitrofuran Residues in Tilapia Tissue by Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Confirmation by Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometric Detection

Cited by 5 publications

References 8 publications

Enhancement of the capabilities of liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry with derivatization: General principles and applications

Enhancement of the capabilities of liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry with derivatization: General principles and applications

Scientific Opinion on nitrofurans and their metabolites in food

Development of Antibodies and Immunoassays for Monitoring of Nitrofuran Antibiotics in the Food Chain

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