Metabolic Responses Associated with Confinement Stress in Tilapia: The Role of Cortisol

Vijayan, Mathilakath M.; Pereira, C.; Grau, E. Gordon; Iwama, George K.

doi:10.1016/s0742-8413(96)00124-7

Cited by 172 publications

(189 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Indeed, high cortisol levels, comparable to those found in stress related studies in Nile tilapia (Vijayan et al, 1997;Barcellos et al, 1999;Barreto and Volpato, 2006) were recorded in ophthalmectomized fish as well as intact control fish. This could suggest that suppression of night melatonin in ophthalmectomized fish is not due to high stress levels.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Retinal light input is required to sustain plasma melatonin rhythms in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus niloticus

Martinez-Chavez

Migaud

2009

Brain Research

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The aim of this work was to confirm previous findings suggesting that the eyes are required for night-time melatonin production in Nile tilapia and further characterise this divergent circadian organisation. To do so, melatonin levels were firstly measured in eyecups and plasma to determine circadian patterns of melatonin production.Secondly, the effect of partial ophthalmectomy on the suppression of melatonin production was determined in vivo as well as ex vivo pineal light/dark sensitivity.Finally, to investigate whether such findings could be related to post-surgery stress, melatonin analyses were performed in the subsequent 24 h and 7 days postophthalmectomy with cortisol levels assessed as an indicator of stress. Our results showed an inverse pattern of melatonin production in the eye cups of tilapia compared to blood circulating levels, suggesting different roles played by melatonin in these two tissues. Results then demonstrated that total or partial ophthalmectomy resulted in the suppression of night-time melatonin production. Furthermore, although pineals in culture were shown to be photosensitive, night-time melatonin levels were much lower than seen in other species. Finally, when performing sampling immediately or one week post-surgery, no difference in the melatonin profiles were observed. It is therefore unlikely that post-surgery stress would explain such suppression in melatonin production although all fish displayed high cortisol levels most probably due to social and handling stress. Taken together, these results provide further evidence of a new type of circadian organisation in a teleost species where the eyes are required to sustain night time melatonin levels. Section: Regulatory systems

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Retinal light input is required to sustain plasma melatonin rhythms in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus niloticus

Martinez-Chavez

Migaud

2009

Brain Research

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“…After 6 hours of confinement the decrease was followed by an elevation in plasma total amino acid concentration that in LR fish reached significantly higher values than HR, which only returned to pre-stress basal levels. A number of authors have reported an increase in plasma amino acids after exhaustive exercise, handling, or confinement (Morales et al, 1990;Braley and Anderson, 1992;Milligan, 1997;Vijayan et al, 1997). It has been shown that elevated cortisol levels can provoke a net catabolism of peripheral proteins (synthesis is also inhibited) and an elevation of plasma free amino acid levels would be followed by a gluconeogenic removal (van der Boon et al, 1991;Vijayan et al, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of authors have reported an increase in plasma amino acids after exhaustive exercise, handling, or confinement (Morales et al, 1990;Braley and Anderson, 1992;Milligan, 1997;Vijayan et al, 1997). It has been shown that elevated cortisol levels can provoke a net catabolism of peripheral proteins (synthesis is also inhibited) and an elevation of plasma free amino acid levels would be followed by a gluconeogenic removal (van der Boon et al, 1991;Vijayan et al, 1997). High plasma amino acid levels lead to induction of liver aminotransferases and consequently the participation of these metabolites in hepatic gluconeogenesis (Morales et al, 1990;van der Boon et al, 1991;Milligan, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In metabolic terms, the effect of the cortisol response can be considered to be broadly catabolic. Although complex, and not fully defined, the metabolic role of cortisol in fish seems to be significant (see review by Mommsen et al, 1999) and includes the promotion of pathways that increase glucose levels in the blood (Leach and Taylor, 1980;Vijayan et al, 1997;Diouf et al, 2000). Therefore, glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in which metabolites such as amino acids (Milligan, 1997) and lactate (Young andCech, 1993, 1994) are used as substrates, are activated during stress.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Divergence of endocrine and metabolic responses to stress in two rainbow trout lines selected for differing cortisol responsiveness to stress

Trenzado

Carrick

Pottinger

2003

General and Comparative Endocrinology

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Abstract. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) of two lines selected for low (LR) and high (HR) cortisol stress-responsiveness were subjected to confinement for a period of 336 hours.Endocrine (plasma cortisol, hepatic cortisol binding) and metabolic (plasma glucose, lactate, amino acids; hepatic glycogen and alanine aminotransferase levels) indices of stress were measured at intervals in confined and unconfined fish of both lines. During confinement plasma cortisol concentration reached maximum values earlier in HR fish (2 hours) than in LR fish (6 hours) returning to control values within 336 hours in both lines. Paradoxically, although both HR and LR lines displayed a characteristic metabolic stress response, these changes were more pronounced in LR fish. Plasma glucose and lactate levels increased during confinement in both lines but to a significantly greater extent in LR fish. Confinement significantly elevated plasma amino acids to a greater extent in LR fish than in HR fish. Liver glycogen concentration was depleted most rapidly in LR fish but was significantly higher in confined fish of both lines than controls at the end of the experiment. No significant changes were observed in hepatic alanine aminotransferase activity during confinement. Confined fish of both lines displayed a decrease in hepatic cortisol receptor abundance within 24 h and this was more sustained in HR fish. The more pronounced disturbance of a broad range of indicators of stress in confined LR fish, compared to HR fish, throws doubt on the magnitude of the cortisol response being the primary driver of these differences.

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“…High peak levels of cortisol indicate a deficiency in the availability of metabolic resources under stressful conditions and this may have lasting and costly consequences for homeostatic processes, immunity, and reproductive behaviors (McEwen and Wingfield, 2003;Schreck, 2010). Another important function of cortisol is its role in increased mobilization of glucose and amino acids to support high locomotor activity (e.g., Vijayan et al, 1997;Leong et al, 2009). This is consistent with the result that the Red Sea banner fish exhibited significantly lower levels of cortisol than all the other species in our study.…”

Section: Effect Of Cleaners On Indicators Of Stress Of Reef Fishmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does access to the bluestreak cleaner wrasse Labroides dimidiatus affect indicators of stress and health in resident reef fishes in the Red Sea?

Ros¹,

Lusa²,

Meyer³

et al. 2011

Hormones and Behavior

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Interactions between the bluestreak cleaner wrasse Labroides dimidiatus and its client reef fish are a textbook example of interspecific mutualism. The fact that clients actively visit cleaners and invite inspection, together with evidence that cleaners eat many client ectoparasites per day, indeed strongly suggests a mutualistic relationship. What remains unknown is how parasite removal affects the physiology of clients and thereby their body condition, health, and immune function. Here we addressed these issues in a field study in Ras Mohammed National Park, Egypt. In our study area, small reef patches are inter-spaced with areas of sandy substrate, thereby preventing many species (i.e., residents, including cleaner wrasses) from travelling between the reef patches. This habitat structure leads to a mosaic of resident clients with and without access to bluestreak cleaner wrasses, further referred to as "cleaner access", on which we focused our study. We found that residents with cleaner access had higher body condition than residents without cleaner access. However, indicators of stress like variation in cortisol levels corrected for handling time and various immune parameters were apparently unaffected by cleaner access. In fact antibody responses were significantly higher in fishes without cleaner access. This suggests that cleaner access decreases the need for active immunity and that this releases resources that might be allocated to other functions such as somatic growth and reproduction.

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Metabolic Responses Associated with Confinement Stress in Tilapia: The Role of Cortisol

Cited by 172 publications

References 32 publications

Retinal light input is required to sustain plasma melatonin rhythms in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus niloticus

Retinal light input is required to sustain plasma melatonin rhythms in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus niloticus

Divergence of endocrine and metabolic responses to stress in two rainbow trout lines selected for differing cortisol responsiveness to stress

Does access to the bluestreak cleaner wrasse Labroides dimidiatus affect indicators of stress and health in resident reef fishes in the Red Sea?

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