Divergence of endocrine and metabolic responses to stress in two rainbow trout lines selected for differing cortisol responsiveness to stress

Trenzado, Cristina E.; Carrick, T. R.; Pottinger, T.G.

doi:10.1016/s0016-6480(03)00191-6

Cited by 85 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…In the present study, when subjected to a 1 hour confinement stressor, fish from the two lines exhibited a markedly divergent plasma cortisol response. This finding was consistent with previous studies on the F2 generation (Pottinger and Carrick, 2001;Trenzado, et al, 2003) and indicated that the behavioural comparisons carried out during the present study had indeed contrasted two groups of fish with a pronounced difference in HPI-axis reactivity.…”

Section: Stress Responsivenesssupporting

confidence: 94%

Divergence in behavioural responses to stress in two strains of rainbow trout () with contrasting stress responsiveness

Schjolden

Bäckström²,

Pulman³

et al. 2005

Hormones and Behavior

115

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The aim of this study was to establish whether two lines of rainbow trout divergent for their plasma cortisol response to a standardized stressor would show consistent differences in their behavioural response to a range of challenging situations. Our results show that the high-and low-responding (HR and LR) lines of rainbow trout did not differ in the aggression shown towards an intruder or in their response to the introduction of a novel object to their home environment. However, there was a difference in behaviour between the two selection lines when they were exposed to two unfamiliar environments. These results suggest that the behaviour of the HR and LR fish differs when they are challenged in unfamiliar environments, while their behaviour does not differ when they are challenged in their home environment. These observations are in agreement with studies on mammals thatshow that individuals with reactive coping styles perform similarly to proactive animals when they are challenged in a familiar environment, while they show different behaviour when they are challenged in unfamiliar environments. Thus, these results provide further evidence that the HR and LR selection lines of rainbow trout exemplify the two different coping styles described in mammals.

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Section: Stress Responsivenesssupporting

confidence: 94%

Divergence in behavioural responses to stress in two strains of rainbow trout () with contrasting stress responsiveness

Schjolden

Bäckström²,

Pulman³

et al. 2005

Hormones and Behavior

115

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“…However, electroshock-exposed fish increased glucose without a correlated cortisol increase, thus suggesting that other factors are involved. This suggestion should be clarified in future investigations, also because controversial results have been reported regarding cortisol-regulated glucose levels: cortisol was reported to decrease (38) or not to affect (39) glucose levels, and Trenzado et al (40) reported that low-cortisol responding rainbow trout had higher glucose increase than high-cortisol responding fish.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Stress responses of the fish Nile tilapia subjected to electroshock and social stressors

Barreto

Volpato

2006

Braz J Med Biol Res

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Plasma cortisol and glucose levels were measured in 36 adult Nile tilapia males, Oreochromis niloticus (standard length, mean ± SD, 14.38 ± 1.31 cm), subjected to electroshock and social stressors. Prestressor levels were determined 5 days after the adjustment of the fish to the experimental aquaria (1 fish/aquarium). Five days later, the effects of stressors on both cortisol and glucose levels were assessed. The following stressors were imposed for 60 min: pairing with a larger resident animal (social stressor), or a gentle electroshock (AC, 20 V, 15 mA, 100 Hz for 1 min every 4 min). Each stressor was tested in two independent groups, one in which stress was quantified immediately after the end of the 60-min stressor imposition (T60) and the other in which stress was quantified 30 min later (T90). Pre-stressor values for cortisol and glucose were not statistically different between groups. Plasma cortisol levels increased significantly and were of similar magnitude for both electroshock and the social stressor (mean ± SD for basal and final samples were: electroshock T60 = 65.47 ± 15.3, 177.0 ± 30.3; T90 = 54.8 ± 16.0, 196.2 ± 57.8; social stress T60 = 47.1 ± 9.0, 187.6 ± 61.7; T90 = 41.6 ± 8.1, 112.3 ± 26.8, respectively). Plasma glucose levels increased significantly for electroshock at both time points (T60 and T90), but only at T90 for the social stressor. Initial and final mean (± SD) values are: electroshock T60 = 52.5 ± 9.2, 115.0 ± 15.7; T90 = 35.5 ± 1.1, 146.3 ± 13.3; social stress T60 = 54. 8 ± 8.8, 84.4 ± 15.0; T90 = 34.5 ± 5.6, 116.3 ± 13.6, respectively. Therefore, electroshock induced an increase in glucose more rapidly than did the social stressor. Furthermore, a significant positive correlation between cortisol and glucose was detected only at T90 for the social stressor. These results indicate that a fish species responds differently to different stressors, thus suggesting specificity of fish stress response to a stressor.

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“…From earlier research, we know that LR fish are capable of mounting a cortisol response to stress [e.g., confinement stress, ϳ40 -100 ng/ml (40,50,52)], but they did not do so during acute heat shock. It has been suggested that HR and LR fish may not differ in the scope of cortisol induction during stress, but rather in the dynamic of the cortisol response (50,52). While this may be the case for confinement stress, it does not appear to be so for heat shock where LR fish failed to exhibit appreciable increases in plasma cortisol levels over the course of our experiment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hormonal modulation of the heat shock response: insights from fish with divergent cortisol stress responses

LeBlanc

Höglund

Gilmour

et al. 2012

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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LeBlanc S, Höglund E, Gilmour KM, Currie S. Hormonal modulation of the heat shock response: insights from fish with divergent cortisol stress responses. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 302: R184-R192, 2012. First published October 26, 2011 doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00196.2011.-Acute temperature stress in animals results in increases in heat shock proteins (HSPs) and stress hormones. There is evidence that stress hormones influence the magnitude of the heat shock response; however, their role is equivocal. To determine whether and how stress hormones may affect the heat shock response, we capitalized on two lines of rainbow trout specifically bred for their high (HR) and low (LR) cortisol response to stress. We predicted that LR fish, with a low cortisol but high catecholamine response to stress, would induce higher levels of HSPs after acute heat stress than HR trout. We found that HR fish have significantly higher increases in both catecholamines and cortisol compared with LR fish, and LR fish had no appreciable stress hormone response to heat shock. This unexpected finding prevented further interpretation of the hormonal modulation of the heat shock response but provided insight into stress-coping styles and environmental stress. HR fish also had a significantly greater and faster heat shock response and less oxidative protein damage than LR fish. Despite these clear differences in the physiological and cellular responses to heat shock, there were no differences in the thermal tolerance of HR and LR fish. Our results support the hypothesis that responsiveness to environmental change underpins the physiological differences in stress-coping styles. Here, we demonstrate that the heat shock response is a distinguishing feature of the HR and LR lines and suggest that it may have been coselected with the hormonal responses to stress. heat shock protein; catecholamines; heat stress; thermal tolerance; high-responding; low-responding HEAT SHOCK PROTEINS (HSPs) are molecular chaperones responsible for the repair of damaged proteins and assist in folding of new proteins. They increase following cellular stress resulting from exposure to high temperature, ischemia-reperfusion, or oxidative damage, and they have been found in every organism in which they have been sought (13, 21). The putative trigger for HSP induction is an increase in damaged proteins within the cell (1), which frees the heat shock transcription factor (e.g., HSF1) to initiate rapid increases in gene transcription followed by translation into HSPs (31). Although an increase in damaged proteins is likely the primary trigger for HSP induction following stress; stress hormones, including catecholamines and cortisol, influence transcription and translation of HSP genes and proteins. Catecholamines appear to augment stress-induced HSP gene transcripts and proteins in mammals (32, 39, 54), fish (9), and invertebrates (23). The glucocorticoid receptor is chaperoned by several HSPs, mainly the HSP90 and HSP70 families (17), so it is perhaps not surprising tha...

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Divergence of endocrine and metabolic responses to stress in two rainbow trout lines selected for differing cortisol responsiveness to stress

Cited by 85 publications

References 55 publications

Divergence in behavioural responses to stress in two strains of rainbow trout () with contrasting stress responsiveness

Divergence in behavioural responses to stress in two strains of rainbow trout () with contrasting stress responsiveness

Stress responses of the fish Nile tilapia subjected to electroshock and social stressors

Hormonal modulation of the heat shock response: insights from fish with divergent cortisol stress responses

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