Metabolic profiling of Dactylopius (Hemiptera: Dactylopiidae) species pigments by geographical origin and hosts using multivariate data analysis

Chávez-Moreno, Carla K.; Tecante, Alberto; Fragoso‐Serrano, Mabel; Pereda‐Miranda, Rogelio

doi:10.1016/j.bse.2010.04.003

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…11 The vernacular term "cochineal insect" is in common use because several species of cactus-scale Dactylopius produce cochineal, varying in geographical origin and host cactus. 12 While alcoholic or acidic carmine preparations may be stable, alkaline preparations encourage autolysis and fermentation of macerated cochineal insects. 13 This could be involved in the two cochinilla dyes described here but, in addition, there is no guarantee that these locally sourced dyes do not contain other colorants, either synthetic 11 or from Amazonian plants, such as annatto from Bixa orellana.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reflectance versus transmittance: The effects of light scattering on red colorants (carmine, amazonian red annatto, and peruvian cochinilla rojo and rosada) in biological, textile, and museum science

Swatland

2013

Color Research & Application

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Spectra were strongly influenced by the way they were measured but, in general, carmine, cochinilla rojo and rosada, and red annatto all had strong transmittance and reflectance of red light (>640 nm), and strong absorbance of green light (520-560 nm). Spectra for carmine and cochinilla rosada both had secondary peaks for transmittance and reflectance (around 420 and 450 nm for stains, respectively), whereas secondary peaks were not found for cochinilla rojo and red annatto. Both cochinilla rosada and rojo stained skeletal myofibers, but only cochinilla rojo withstood alcohol dehydration and mounting as a general stain for paraffin sections. Carmine was ideal for enhancing the appearance of pork because its spectrum was similar to that of myoglobin, thus increasing the absorbance of green light without producing unnatural colors like cochinilla rosada and rojo. Cochinilla rojo dyed alpaca wool orange, and cochinilla rosada dyed wool pink. The scale of the measurement (micro-vs. macroscopic) and the type of measurement (transmittance vs. reflectance) were of minor importance in colorimetry, whereas a major effect was detected for light scattering in the sample. A ratio indicative of scattering (400/700 nm) was strongly correlated with chromaticity coordinate x, r 5 20.86, P < 0.001, n 5 18.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reflectance versus transmittance: The effects of light scattering on red colorants (carmine, amazonian red annatto, and peruvian cochinilla rojo and rosada) in biological, textile, and museum science

Swatland

2013

Color Research & Application

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“…3) were analysed with HPLC-DAD, and it was possible to detect carminic acid, as well as other minor compounds, namely dcII, dcIV, dcVII and kermesic and avokermesic acids (ka + ) chromophores, through the examination of their elution order, retention time and respective UV spectra, in agreement with the literature. 22 The dcV and dcX compounds, reported by Chavéz-Moreno et al, 3 were not found. Although each species of Dactylopius could produce chromatograms with a signicant variability, their elution proles were still very similar, as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…24 This red dye, mainly composed of carminic acid (a red hydroxyanthraquinone compound), can be obtained from the American cochineal insects belonging to Dactylopius genus (Hemiptera: Dactylopiidae), which comprises ten species, namely D. austrinus De Lotto, D. confertus De Lotto, D. salmianus De Lotto, D. zimmermanni De Lotto, D. opuntiae Cockerell, D. bassi Dov & Marotta, D. confusus Cockerell, D. tomentosus Lamarck, D. ceylonicus Green and the domesticated D. coccus Costa. 3,6 The latter is considered the most popular, as it holds higher contents of carminic acid 4,5 and, therefore, it has been widely exploited as a food additive. 5,7,8 It was always considered a desirable dye for colouring textiles and paintings, until the 19th century.…”

Section: Study Of Dactylopius Cochineal Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9 On the other hand, multivariate analysis has been used for discriminating the geographical origin of cochineal insects: hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and PCA were used by Méndez et al 10 to discriminate the origin of D. coccus, based on the percentage of pigments (estimated by HPLC-DAD) and colour quality variables. Moreover, Chavéz-Moreno et al 3 used the same methods (HCA and PCA) on the chromatographic proles of ve species of Dactylopius to characterize their host plant and geographical origin (Argentina or Mexico).…”

Section: Study Of Dactylopius Cochineal Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of Dactylopius cochineal species with high-performance liquid chromatography and multivariate data analysis

Serrano

Sousa

Hallett

et al. 2013

Analyst

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Identification of American cochineal species (Dactylopius genus) can provide important information for the study of historical works of art, entomology, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and foods. In this study, validated species of Dactylopius, including the domesticated cochineal D. coccus, were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) and submitted to multivariate data analysis, in order to discriminate the species and hence construct a reference library for a wide range of applications. Principal components analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLSDA) models successfully provided accurate species classifications. This library was then applied to the identification of 72 historical insect specimens of unidentified species, mostly dating from the 19th century, and belonging to the Economic Botany Collection, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, England. With this approach it was possible to identify anomalies in how insects were labelled historically, as several of them were revealed not to be cochineal. Nevertheless, more than 85% of the collection was determined to be species of Dactylopius and the majority of the specimens were identified as D. coccus. These results have shown that HPLC-DAD, in combination with suitable chemometric methods, is a powerful approach for discriminating related cochineal species.

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“…In addition, the minor components in food additives, colored textiles and historical artwork generally have been required to identify the species and the geographical origin of the cochineal by using multivariate statistical methods such as principal components analysis, partial-least squares discriminant analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis. 1,[6][7][8][9][10] The quality, insect species, and geographical origin of cochineal dye are typically evaluated using an HPLC equipped with a UV-Vis detector 6,7,11,12) and a photodiode array detector 1,[13][14][15] to determine carminic acid (CA), the main constituent of cochineal, as well as minor components.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic Study of the Equilibration between Carminic Acid and Its Two Isomers Isolated from Cochineal Dye

Zaima

Fukamachi

Yagi

et al. 2017

CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN

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Carminic acid (CA) is a major component of cochineal dye used in food additives, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. CA and its isomers, 2-C-α-glucofuranoside and 2-C-β-glucofuranoside of kermesic acid (DCIV and DCVII, respectively), were isolated from cochineal dye and the equilibrium constants (K) between CA, DCIV and DCVII were investigated. DCIV was partially converted to CA and DCVII, and DCVII was converted to CA and DCIV, whereas CA was very stable and only very slightly converted to DCIV and DCVII. Most of the DCIV and DCVII was converted to CA under aqueous conditions. The kinetic rate constants (k) for the degradation of DCIV within the first day of incubation at 24°C was determined to be 0.901 d 1 and for the degradation of DCVII it was determined to be 1.102 d 1 . The k value for the formation of CA from the remaining DCIV was calculated to be 0.146 d 1 and for the formation of CA from the produced DCVII it was found to be 0.148 d 1 . The K values were calculated as 1.22 10 7, 2.61 10 3 and 2.36 10 3 mol/L for CA, DCIV and DCVII, respectively. These findings will be helpful for ensuring the safety and for aiding the quality assurance of cochineal dye products.

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Metabolic profiling of Dactylopius (Hemiptera: Dactylopiidae) species pigments by geographical origin and hosts using multivariate data analysis

Cited by 14 publications

References 20 publications

Reflectance versus transmittance: The effects of light scattering on red colorants (carmine, amazonian red annatto, and peruvian cochinilla rojo and rosada) in biological, textile, and museum science

Reflectance versus transmittance: The effects of light scattering on red colorants (carmine, amazonian red annatto, and peruvian cochinilla rojo and rosada) in biological, textile, and museum science

Identification of Dactylopius cochineal species with high-performance liquid chromatography and multivariate data analysis

Kinetic Study of the Equilibration between Carminic Acid and Its Two Isomers Isolated from Cochineal Dye

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