Metabolic profiles of the Flos Abelmoschus manihot extract by intestinal bacteria from the normal and CKD model rats based on UPLC‐Q‐TOF/MS

Abstract

Flos Abelmoschus manihot is a traditional herbal medicine widely used in clinical practice to tackle chronic kidney disease (CKD) for thousands of years. Nowadays, many studies indicate that gut bacteria are closely related to the progression of CKD and CKD-related complications. In this study, a UPLC-Q-TOF/MS method coupled with the MetaboLynx™ software was established and successfully applied to investigate the metabolites and metabolic profile of Flos A. manihot extract by intestinal bacteria from normal and CKD rats. Eight parent components and eight metabolites were characterized by their protonated ions. Among these compounds, 15 were detected in the two group samples while M16 was only determined in the CKD model samples. Compared with the quercetin-type glycosides, fewer myricetin-type and gossypetin-type metabolites were obtained in the two group samples. These metabolites suggested that deglycosylation and methylation are the major metabolic pathways of Flos A. manihot extract. Few differences of metabolite classes were observed in the two group samples. However, the concentrations of aglycones such as quercetin, myricetin and gossypetin in the normal samples were notably higher than those in the CKD model samples. The results are important in unravelling the pharmacological effects of A. manihot and clarifying its mechanism of action in vivo.

Okra (Abelmoschus Esculentus) as a Potential Dietary Medicine with Nutraceutical Importance for Sustainable Health Applications

“…In clinical practice, a Chinese single plant-based drug extracted from the dry flowers of Abelmoschus manihot , named the Huangkui capsule (HKC), is used for the treatment of CKD (chronic kidney disease), DN, chronic glomerulonephritis, membranous nephropathy, and other inflammatory diseases. It is a patented drug approved by the State Food and Drug Administration of China (Z19990040) in 1999 for diabetes-related complications [ 34 , 35 , 36 ].…”

Pharmacokinetic and metabolism studies of bavachinin through ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry

“…The C‐3′ position undergoes hydroxylation easily when there is a single or no hydroxyl group on the B‐ring for flavones (Xiao & Högger, ). The C‐3′ position of the O‐diphenol hydroxyl group is easily methylated (Du et al, ). In summary, M2–1 and M2–2 presumably constitute a pair of flavonoids and chalcone isomers, but the exact methyl position could not be identified in this experiment.…”

Traditional Uses, Chemical Constituents, Biological Properties, Clinical Settings, and Toxicities of Abelmoschus manihot L.: A Comprehensive Review

“…In particular, since the Song dynasty (960–1279 BC) the flowers of A. manihot have been widely regarded as a staple food and folk medicine in China, and have been used to alleviate inflammation, protect against kidney injuries, and restore tissue affected by ulcers and burns ( Tu et al., 2013 ; Zhang et al., 2014 ). In addition, the flowers of A. manihot , when administered in the form of a healthy beverage, have been proved to possess a wide range of pharmacological properties such as activity against DN and CKD ( Zhou et al., 2012 ; Du et al., 2017 ; Wan et al., 2019 ). In addition, a decoction of A. manihot flowers is traditionally used to treat jaundice and acute and chronic hepatitis in the Anhui and Jiangsu Provinces of China ( Wang et al., 2004 ).…”