Traditional Uses, Chemical Constituents, Biological Properties, Clinical Settings, and Toxicities of Abelmoschus manihot L.: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Abelmoschus manihot , an annual herbal flowering plant, is widely distributed throughout eastern Europe and in temperate and subtropical regions of Asia. Its flowers have been traditionally used for the treatment of chronic kidney disease in China. Currently, more than 128 phytochemical ingredients have been obtained and identified from the flowers, seeds, stems, and leaves of A. manihot . The primary components are flavonoids, amino acids, nucleosides, polysaccharides, organic acids, steroids, and volatile oils. A. manihot and its bioactive constituents possess a plethora of biological properties, including antidiabetic nephropathy, antioxidant, antiadipogenic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anticonvulsant, antidepressant, antiviral, antitumor, cardioprotective, antiplatelet, neuroprotective, immunomodulatory, and hepatoprotective activities, and have effects on cerebral infarction, bone loss, etc. However, insufficient utilization and excessive waste have already led to a rapid reduction of resources, meaning that a study on the sustainable use of A. manihot is urgent and necessary. Moreover, the major biologically active constituents and the mechanisms of action of the flowers have yet to be elucidated. The present paper provides an early and comprehensive review of the traditional uses, chemical constituents, pharmacological activities, and pharmaceutical, quality control, toxicological, and clinical settings to emphasize the benefits of this plant and lays a solid foundation for further development of A. manihot .

Exploring the total flavones of Abelmoschus manihot against IAV-induced lung inflammation by network pharmacology

“…Previous studies have shown that TFA has a wide range of pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, liver protection, kidney protection, and cardiovascular protection [17,30,[41][42][43][44]. However, TFA has not been systematically studied to verify its activity.…”

The Compositional Aspects of Edible Flowers as an Emerging Horticultural Product

“…Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives have been detected in the edible flowers of various species, such as Bougainvillea glabra Choisy [38], Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medik. [39]. While hydroxycinnamic acid has been reported in inflorescences of Butea monosperma (Lam.)…”

On the use of a 2D-carbon microfiber fractionation system to improve flow-injection QTOF-HRMS analysis in complex matrices: the case of Abelmoschus manihot flower extracts

“…: Hibiscus manihot ), commonly called Huang Shu Kui Hua, belongs to the Malvaceae family and is an annual or perennial herbaceous flowering plant and an edible form of hibiscus. 10 Modern pharmacological findings have shown that extracts of A. manihot possess various biological properties, including the ability to treat liver disease, 11 type II diabetic nephropathy, 12 chronic kidney disease, 13 as well as possessing antiproteinuric, 14 anticonvulsant, 15 antidepressant, 15 antioxidative, 16 and pro-angiogenic activity. 17 Numerous studies have demonstrated that the composition of A. manihot flower extracts is very complex, mainly including amino acids, 18 nucleosides, 19 polysaccharides, 20 organic acids, 21 flavonoids, 21 and fatty acids.…”