The drastic Maillard reaction in duck induced by long roasting time could be advantageous for color, aroma and antioxidant activities in roast ducks, but might be not beneficial to health.

1. Bavachinin isolated from Psoralea corylifolia has various activities, such as antimicrobial, antiallergic, antitumor and so on. Our previous study showed that natural bavachinin exhibits peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ-agonist activity. 2. In vitro studies on bavachinin metabolism were conducted using rat liver microsomes incubated at 37 °C for 60 min. 3. Structures of eight metabolites of the incubation mixtures were cautiously characterized using electrospray tandem mass spectra and three synthetic compounds. The results indicated that eight metabolites of bavachinin were biotransformed mainly through oxidation. 4. The metabolic pathways of bavachinin were elucidated in vitro. These results contribute to the understanding of bavachinin's in vivo metabolism.

Bavachinin (BVC), one of the main bioactive prenylated flavonoids derived from Psoralea corylifolia Linn, has a wide variety of pharmacological effects, such as antiangiogenic, antitumor, antiallergic, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities, especially as a pan-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors agonist. A rapid and sensitive method for quantifying BVC in rat plasma was developed and validated through ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray-ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Furthermore, a complete metabolic investigation of BVC was performed through ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. In the pharmacokinetic analysis, BVC exhibited rapid oral absorption (T = 0.68 ± 0.21 h), good elimination (T = 2.27 ± 1.63 h) following oral administration and poor absolute bioavailability (5.27%). Moreover, 11 metabolites of BVC in plasma, urine, bile and feces were characterized. The main metabolic pathways of BVC involved isomeriszation, glucuronidation, sulfonation, hydroxylation, methoxylation and reduction. In conclusion, the present study provides a sensitive quantitative method with a lower limit of quantification of 1 ng/mL and an improved comprehension of the physiological disposition of BVC.

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