Metabolic Impairment in Human Amnesia: A PET Study of Memory Networks

Fazio, Ferruccio; Perani, Daniela; Gilardi, Maria Carla; Colombo, F.; Cappa, Stefano F.; Vallar, Giuseppe; Bettinardi, Valentino; Paulesu, Eraldo; Alberoni, Margherita; Bressi, S.; Franceschi, M.; Lenzi, Gian Luigi

doi:10.1038/jcbfm.1992.52

Cited by 114 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…As already noted, long-term decreases in cortical activity and blood flow can be caused by thalamic strokes (Baron et al 1986Fazio et al 1992;Levasseur et al 1992;Pepin and Auray-Pepin 1993) and by Korsakoff's syndrome (Fazio et al 1992;Joyce et al 1994;Paller et al 1997;Reed et al 2003). An intriguing discovery is that bilateral cortical hypoactivity can be seen after unilateral thalamic strokes .…”

Section: Toward a Model Of Diencephalic Contributions To Recognition mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These distal changes provide evidence of cortical diaschisis (Baron et al 1986;Finger et al 2004; Van der Werf et al 1999, 2002. Closely related studies of the alcoholic Korsakoff's syndrome have also found extensive cortical hypoactivity (Fazio et al 1992;Joyce et al 1994;Paller et al 1997;Reed et al 2003). At least one study has scanned an amnesic Korsakoff patient during face encoding and face recognition (Caulo et al 2005).…”

Section: Brain Imaging Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Measures of metabolic imaging, e.g., positron emission tomography (PET) and spectrosocopy, have repeatedly demonstrated how thalamic strokes can cause long-lasting cortical hypoactivity (Baron et al 1986;Fazio et al 1992;Levasseur et al 1992;Pepin and Auray-Pepin 1993;Clarke et al 1994;Daum and Ackermann 1994;Van der Werf et al 1999). These distal changes provide evidence of cortical diaschisis (Baron et al 1986;Finger et al 2004; Van der Werf et al 1999, 2002.…”

Section: Brain Imaging Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The diencephalon and recognition www.learnmem.org activity in diencephalic amnesia (Fazio et al 1992;Joyce et al 1994;Paller et al 1997;Reed et al 2003), (2) evidence that anterior thalamic strokes causing amnesia are sufficient to cause posterior cingulate hypoactivity (Clarke et al 1994), and (3) studies with rats showing how selective anterior thalamic lesions and mammillothalamic tract lesions can markedly reduce immediate-early gene expression in the posterior cingulate (retrosplenial) cortex and hippocampus yet leave both structures seemingly intact (Jenkins et al 2002(Jenkins et al , 2004Poirier and Aggleton 2009;Vann and Albasser 2009). These distal activity changes do not merely reflect the loss of afferent stimulation; there are also subtle intrinsic changes to the cortex itself (Poirier et al 2008).…”

Section: Toward a Model Of Diencephalic Contributions To Recognition mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unraveling the contributions of the diencephalon to recognition memory: A review

Aggleton¹,

Dumont²,

Warburton³

2011

Learn. Mem.

136

111

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Both clinical investigations and studies with animals reveal nuclei within the diencephalon that are vital for recognition memory (the judgment of prior occurrence). This review seeks to identify these nuclei and to consider why they might be important for recognition memory. Despite the lack of clinical cases with circumscribed pathology within the diencephalon and apparent species differences, convergent evidence from a variety of sources implicates a subgroup of medial diencephalic nuclei. It is supposed that the key functional interactions of this subgroup of diencephalic nuclei are with the medial temporal lobe, the prefrontal cortex, and with cingulate regions. In addition, some of the clinical evidence most readily supports dual-process models of recognition, which assume two independent cognitive processes (recollective-based and familiarity-based) that combine to direct recognition judgments. From this array of information a "multi-effect multinuclei" model is proposed, in which the mammillary bodies and the anterior thalamic nuclei are of preeminent importance for recollective-based recognition. The medial dorsal thalamic nucleus is thought to contribute to familiarity-based recognition, but this nucleus, along with various midline and intralaminar thalamic nuclei, is also assumed to have broader, indirect effects upon both recollective-based and familiarity-based recognition.Clinical studies repeatedly show that diencephalic pathology can impair recognition memory. Even so, there is no agreed locus within the diencephalon responsible for this memory loss and, hence, no agreed mechanism to explain the impairment. The present review examines both clinical and animal findings, and from this information a multi-effect multi-nuclei (MEMN) model emerges to explain the contributions of the diencephalon to recognition memory.At the outset, it is necessary to refine the focus of this review and to define some of its principal terms. The diencephalon comprises the thalamus and hypothalamus but, as will be explained, only the more medial parts of the diencephalon will be considered in detail. Recognition memory refers to the ability to detect whether a stimulus (e.g., a word, face, picture, object, or sound) has previously been encountered. As a consequence, this review is not about item identification (sometimes also confusingly referred to as recognition). Likewise, conditions that have broad disruptive effects on cognition, e.g., dementia, will not be considered even though recognition is typically impaired. Distinctions will be made between "item recognition," where the task is to determine if an individual item is novel or familiar, and "associative recognition," where all the individual items being experienced are familiar, but their particular combination is novel. A further, distinct ability is "recency" discrimination-the ability to determine which of two familiar stimuli has been experienced more recently. Both studies of amnesia and electrophysiological recordings show how recency memory and recogniti...

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Section: Toward a Model Of Diencephalic Contributions To Recognition mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Brain Imaging Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Brain Imaging Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Toward a Model Of Diencephalic Contributions To Recognition mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Unraveling the contributions of the diencephalon to recognition memory: A review

Aggleton¹,

Dumont²,

Warburton³

2011

Learn. Mem.

136

111

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…First, with the exception of memory for spatiotemporal details (Chalfonte et al, 1996;Parkin, 1993), MTL lesions and diencephalic lesions lead to largely similar patterns of memory impairment (O'Connor & Verfaellie, 2002), and in particular, patients with either lesion show severe impairments in recollection (Verfaellie & Treadwell, 1993). Second, although the neuropathology in Korsakoff syndrome is primarily in diencephalic regions, there is evidence for both structural (Sullivan & Marsh, 2003) and functional disruption (Fazio et al, 1992;Heiss et al, 1992) of the hippocampus as well.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Not all repetition is alike: Different benefits of repetition in amnesia and normal memory

Verfaellie

Rajaram

Fossum

et al. 2008

J Inter Neuropsych Soc

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While it is well known that repetition can enhance memory in amnesia, little is known about which forms of repetition are most beneficial. This study compared the effect on recognition memory of repetition of words in the same semantic context and in varied semantic contexts. To gain insight into the mechanisms by which these forms of repetition affect performance, participants were asked to make Remember0Know judgments during recognition. These judgments were used to make inferences about the contribution of recollection and familiarity to performance. For individuals with intact memory, the two forms of repetition were equally beneficial to overall recognition, and were associated with both enhanced Remember and Know responses. However, varied repetition was associated with a higher likelihood of Remember responses than was fixed repetition. The two forms of repetition also conferred equivalent benefits on overall recognition in amnesia, but in both cases, this enhancement was manifest exclusively in enhanced Know responses. We conclude that the repetition of information, and especially repetition in varied contexts, enhances recollection in individuals with intact memory, but exclusively affects familiarity in patients with severe amnesia. (JINS, 2008, 14, 365-372.)

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Effects of Subcortical Cerebral Infarction on Cortical Glucose Metabolism and Cognitive Function

Kwan¹,

Reed²,

Eberling³

et al. 1999

Arch Neurol

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These results demonstrate that subcortical infarction produces global cerebral hypometabolism, which is related to the clinical status of the patients. In addition, specific frontal lobe hypometabolism also appears to be a feature of subcortical infarction. Taken together, both global and regional effects on cortical function mediate the production of clinical symptoms in patients with subcortical strokes.

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Metabolic Impairment in Human Amnesia: A PET Study of Memory Networks

Cited by 114 publications

References 29 publications

Unraveling the contributions of the diencephalon to recognition memory: A review

Unraveling the contributions of the diencephalon to recognition memory: A review

Not all repetition is alike: Different benefits of repetition in amnesia and normal memory

Effects of Subcortical Cerebral Infarction on Cortical Glucose Metabolism and Cognitive Function

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