Metabolic and genetic derangement: a review of mechanisms involved in arsenic and lead toxicity and genotoxicity

Rodríguez-Seijo, Andrés

doi:10.2478/aiht-2022-73-3669

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 145 publications

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“…The mechanism depends on the site, tissue, dose, metabolism, chemical form, route, and duration of exposure [ 21 , 46 ]. There is evidence suggesting that inorganic arsenic is extensively methylated.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Exposure to Arsenic and Its Impact on Maternal and Fetal Health: A Review

Ortiz-Garcia,

Cipriano Ramírez,

Juarez

et al. 2023

Cureus

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Arsenic exposure is a significant public health issue, with harmful effects caused by its use in commercial products such as car batteries, pesticides, and herbicides. Arsenic has three main compounds: inorganic, organic, and arsine gas. Inorganic arsenic compounds in water are highly toxic. The daily intake of arsenic from food and beverages is between 20 and 300 mcg/day. Arsenic is known for its carcinogenic properties and is classified as a human carcinogen by different institutions. Exposure can lead to oxidative stress, DNA damage, and epigenetic deregulation, which can cause endocrine disorders, altered signal transduction pathways, and cell proliferation. In addition, arsenic can easily cross the placenta, making it a critical concern for maternal and fetal health. Exposure can lead to complications such as gestational diabetes, anemia, low birth weight, miscarriage, and congenital anomalies. Female babies are particularly vulnerable to the negative impact of arsenic exposure, with a higher risk of low weight for gestational age and congenital cardiac anomalies. Therefore, it is crucial to monitor and regulate the levels of arsenic in drinking water and food sources to prevent these adverse health outcomes. Further research is necessary to fully understand the impact of arsenic exposure on human health, especially during pregnancy and infancy, by implementing preventative measures and monitoring the levels of arsenic in the environment.

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Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Exposure to Arsenic and Its Impact on Maternal and Fetal Health: A Review

Ortiz-Garcia,

Cipriano Ramírez,

Juarez

et al. 2023

Cureus

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“…Nonetheless, increased blood lead levels below 35 µg/dL cannot be detected with just the EP level. Lead exposure detection with EP has fallen in use because of its higher detection threshold and because EP levels rise in iron deficiency (Cantor et al 2019;Sadiku and Rodríguez-Seijo 2022). Lead concentrations in the blood only reflect recent or ongoing exposure to lead, not the total load carried by the body.…”

Section: Lead Poisoning and Counteracting Measures For Reducing Expos...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources, blood concentrations, and approaches for reducing exposure to lead: A critical appraisal on lead poisoning

et al. 2023

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Lead, a non-essential metal, enters the body in various ways, making it a major public health issue. Painters and smelters report lead poisoning in children and staff. Mining and battery workers risk lead exposure. Traditional and cultural remedies may include dangerous quantities of lead, producing lead poisoning. These drugs must be properly understood and regulated to avoid toxicity. Lead poisoning symptoms vary by duration and severity. Lead first impairs cognition, development, and behaviour by damaging the neural system. Time degrades reproductive and haematological systems. Lead's quiet entry into the body makes it deadly. Acute lead nephropathy damages kidneys at 100mg/dL. Lead levels exceeding 150mg/dL may induce encephalopathy. Blood lead levels indicate lead poisoning severity. Lead levels over 10g/dL in children and 40g/dL in adults are hazardous. Lead toxicity affects various organs. Lead may induce hypertension and cardiovascular disease. It may also cause chronic kidney disease and renal failure. Lead exposure may impede fertility, cause miscarriages, and alter foetal development; hence the reproductive system is vulnerable. Symptoms and lead levels may be treated with different approaches. Lead chelation treatment is frequent. Other vitamins and medications may enhance organ function and treat lead poisoning. Lead poisoning prevention requires widespread awareness. Strict standards and education regarding lead-contaminated products and conventional remedies should reduce occupational lead exposure. Regular blood lead level monitoring, especially in youngsters and lead workers, may help detect and treat lead poisoning early. Lead poisoning has serious health consequences. Understanding lead exposure pathways, identifying symptoms, and preventing lead poisoning is essential to public health and organ system protection.

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“…The International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified arsenic as a Group 1 carcinogen based on sufficient evidence for carcinogenicity in humans; in particular, arsenic exposure is associated with skin, lung, and bladder cancer [2,3]. Arsenic is present in both inorganic and organic compound states, with the former being more toxic, and the trivalent inorganic compound arsenic (As 3+ ) being the most toxic among these [4]. Arsenic is thought to induce the accumulation of oxidative DNA damage, such as 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2 0 -deoxyguanosine and thymine glycol, leading to genomic instability, a major hallmark of cancer [2,5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arsenic affects homologous recombination and single‐strand annealing but not end‐joining pathways during DNA double‐strand break repair

Kurosawa,

Saito,

Sakurai

et al. 2023

The FEBS Journal

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Arsenic is a carcinogen that can cause skin, lung, and bladder cancer. While DNA double‐strand breaks (DSBs) have been implicated in arsenic‐induced carcinogenesis, the exact mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we performed genetic analysis to examine the impact of arsenic trioxide (As2O3) on four different DSB repair pathways using the human pre‐B cell line Nalm‐6. Random integration analysis showed that As2O3 does not negatively affect non‐homologous end joining or polymerase theta‐mediated end joining. In contrast, chromosomal DSB repair analysis revealed that As2O3 decreases the efficiency of homologous recombination (HR) and, less prominently, single‐strand annealing. Consistent with this finding, As2O3 decreased gene‐targeting efficiency, owing to a significant reduction in the frequency of HR‐mediated targeted integration. To further verify the inhibitory effect of arsenic on HR, we examined cellular sensitivity to olaparib and camptothecin, which induce one‐ended DSBs requiring HR for precise repair. Intriguingly, we found that As2O3 significantly enhances sensitivity to those anticancer agents in HR‐proficient cells. Our results suggest that arsenic‐induced genomic instability is attributed to HR suppression, providing valuable insights into arsenic‐associated carcinogenesis and therapeutic options.

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Metabolic and genetic derangement: a review of mechanisms involved in arsenic and lead toxicity and genotoxicity

Cited by 6 publications

References 145 publications

Maternal Exposure to Arsenic and Its Impact on Maternal and Fetal Health: A Review

Maternal Exposure to Arsenic and Its Impact on Maternal and Fetal Health: A Review

Sources, blood concentrations, and approaches for reducing exposure to lead: A critical appraisal on lead poisoning

Arsenic affects homologous recombination and single‐strand annealing but not end‐joining pathways during DNA double‐strand break repair

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