Mesozoic plants from fissures in the Carboniferous Limestone of South Wales

Lewarne, Gillian C.; Pallot, Jane Margaret

doi:10.1080/00222935708655930

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The Hettangian strata in south Wales are littoral deposits with conglomerates indicating the ancient shoreline. The fossiliferous deposits in the fissures of the Carboniferous Limestone immediately beneath the Hettangian at Bridgend (south Wales) contain abundant wood, leaves, stems and microsporophylls of 'Classopollis plants' (Lewarne & Pallot 1957). On the basis of these data, Wall (1965) inferred that 'Classopollis plants' occupied coastal regions.…”

Section: Paleoecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The fossil pollen genus Classopollis

Srivastava

1976

LET

107

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The generic name Classopollis Pflug, 1953, is considered as a valid usable name for Mesozoic spherical pollen characterized by a subequatorial circumpolar canal, a thickened equatorial band, a distal cryptopore, and a proximal tetrad scar. A study of Classopollis exine revealed the absence of nexine. Classopollis has a worldwide distribution in Upper Triassic‐Turonian strata. Plants producing Classopollis have affinity with araucarian and/or gnetalean conifers. They occupied well‐drained soils of upland slopes and lowlands near coastal areas, preferring the warm climate of transgressive seas.

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Section: Paleoecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The fossil pollen genus Classopollis

Srivastava

1976

LET

107

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“…How ever, the rel a tively good state of fos sil pres er va tion sug gests that wa ter trans port was rather short and of low to mod er ate low en ergy. Sim i larly com posed plant com mu ni ties with the dom i nant co ni fer Hirmeriella were wide spread in Eu rope dur ing the ear li est Hettangian, pro vid ing a solid base for com par i sons (Hörhammer, 1933;Hirmer and Hörhammer, 1934;Wood, 1961;Lewarne and Pallot, 1957;Har ris, 1957;Jung, 1968;Weber 1968;Muir and van Konijnenburg-van Cittert, 1970;Barale, 1987;Clement-Westerhof and van Konijnenburg-van Cittert, 1991;Wcis³o-Luraniec, 1991b;Thévenard, 1993). The dom i nant coni fer in So³tyków, arborescent Hirmeriella muensteri pro duc ing Classopollis torosus pol len grains and pos sess ing leaves with a thick cu ti cle, prob a bly formed the for est can opy (Figs.…”

Section: Plant Covermentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Jurassic dinosaur-dominated track assemblages, floristic and environmental changes in the Holy Cross Mountains region, Poland

Pacyna

Ziaja

Barbacka

et al. 2022

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As so ci ate Ed i tor: Micha³ ZatoñThe Early Ju ras sic suc ces sion of the Holy Cross Moun tains re gion in Po land of fers a rare op por tu nity to study eco sys tem com plex ity dur ing the evo lu tion and di ver si fi ca tion of early di no saurs, es pe cially her biv o rous ones. The sec tion con sists of con ti nen tal and coastal de pos its con tain ing fos sil as sem blages span ning nearly 25 My of changes in ter res trial plants and some groups of in ver te brates and tetra pods. Based on macrofossils and pol len and spores, the broader char ac ter is tics of the flora in this suc ces sion are pre sented. The flo ral as sem blages show typ i cal Early Ju ras sic char ac ter is tics and con tain lycopsids, sphenopsids, ferns, cycadaleans, bennettitaleans, gnetaleans and ginkgoaleans, as well as co ni fers, and are sim i lar to other Hettangian-Toarcian flo ral suc ces sions in Eu rope, show ing the pres ence of a vast co nif er ous for est dom inated by Hirmeriella in the early Hettangian, re placed by ginkgophyte-dom i nated flo ras in youn ger stages and araucarian coni fer-dom i nated for ests in the late Pliensbachian. Di no saurs are doc u mented mainly from their trace fos sils (tracks and cop ro lites). Six dis tinct track as sem blages (stratigraphically sep a rated ichnoassemblages) of dif fer ent ages can be iden tified. Cur rent ev i dence in di cates that while Anomoepus tracks are abun dant through out the long Hettangian-late Pliensbachian in ter val, me dium-sized to large ornithischian tracks do not oc cur be low the lower-mid dle Hettangian tran sition zone, as so ci ated with the first ma jor ma rine trans gres sion in the re gion. Hettangian strata with dif fer ent theropod tracks (Grallator, Anchisauripus, Eubrontes, Kayentapus, cf. Megalosauripus), small Anomoepus tracks, nu mer ous me dium-sized Anomoepus-like tracks, Moyenisauropus tracks, tetradactyl tracks of sauropodomorphs (cf. Pseudotetrasauropus) and oval-shaped tracks of sauro pods (Parabrontopodus) sig nif i cantly con trast with the higher part of the Lower Ju ras sic suc cession (up per Pliensbachian Drzewica For ma tion and mid dle-up per Toarcian Borucice For ma tion) con tain ing new types of me dium-sized to large theropod tracks (Therangospodus), small and me dium-sized bird-like tridactyl tracks (cf. Trisauropodiscus, cf. Anomoepus), ex cep tion ally large, oval-shaped sauropod tracks (Sauropoda indet.), and new types of me dium-sized and large ornithischian tracks (cf. Deltapodus, cf. Anomoepus). This points to a no tice able dif fer ence be tween the Hettangian and late Pliensbachian-Toarcian di no saur ichnofaunas and may fa cil i tate the study of re gional and global changes and cor re la tions. Both the palaeofloras and di no saur trace fos sils doc u ment eco sys tem di ver sity and eco sys tem changes, pre sented here in re view form. The na ture of these changes re quires more de tailed study, but pre lim i nary re sults sug gest the oc cur rence of rather com plex and pro nounced trans for ma tions in the ...

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“…[2]). Other fissures containing generally less diverse vertebrate assemblages, but including extensive mammaliaform remains and occurring in more restricted slot-like openings in the limestone, were regarded as representative of island communities-most specifically Early Jurassic as corroborated by palynomorphs [3,4]. Since then, many new discoveries have been made and evidence has been presented to suggest that at least some of the putative Triassic fissure fills were subject to the influences of marine transgressions and they are now considered to have been distributed among various near-shore islands [5][6][7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pendraig milnerae , a new small-sized coelophysoid theropod from the Late Triassic of Wales

et al. 2021

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We describe a new small-bodied coelophysoid theropod dinosaur, Pendraig milnerae gen. et sp. nov, from the Late Triassic fissure fill deposits of Pant-y-ffynnon in southern Wales. The species is represented by the holotype, consisting of an articulated pelvic girdle, sacrum and posterior dorsal vertebrae, and an associated left femur, and by two referred specimens, comprising an isolated dorsal vertebra and a partial left ischium. Our phylogenetic analysis recovers P. milnerae as a non-coelophysid coelophysoid theropod, representing the first-named unambiguous theropod from the Triassic of the UK. Recently, it has been suggested that Pant-y-ffynnon and other nearby Late Triassic to Early Jurassic fissure fill faunas might have been subjected to insular dwarfism. To test this hypothesis for P. milnerae , we performed an ancestral state reconstruction analysis of body size in early neotheropods. Although our results indicate that a reduced body size is autapomorphic for P. milnerae , some other coelophysoid taxa show a similar size reduction, and there is, therefore, ambiguous evidence to indicate that this species was subjected to dwarfism. Our analyses further indicate that, in contrast with averostran-line neotheropods, which increased in body size during the Triassic, coelophysoids underwent a small body size decrease early in their evolution.

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Mesozoic plants from fissures in the Carboniferous Limestone of South Wales

Cited by 10 publications

References 2 publications

The fossil pollen genus Classopollis

The fossil pollen genus Classopollis

Early Jurassic dinosaur-dominated track assemblages, floristic and environmental changes in the Holy Cross Mountains region, Poland

Pendraig milnerae , a new small-sized coelophysoid theropod from the Late Triassic of Wales

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