The fossil pollen genus
            <i>Classopollis</i>

Srivastava, Satish K.

doi:10.1111/j.1502-3931.1976.tb00985.x

Cited by 107 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Berriasian-Valanginian, Israel ; Albian, USA (Srivastava 1975(Srivastava , 1976 Classopollis torosus sensu are provisionally placed in this taxon. It is almost certain that these include microspinulose forms that would be assignable to Classopollis martinottii in a SEM study (see above).…”

Section: Gymnosperm Pollenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollen and spores from the Tendaguru Beds, Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous of southeast Tanzania: palynostratigraphical and paleoecological implications

Schrank

2010

Palynology

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Two informal sporomorph assemblage zones can be distinguished in the dinosaur-bearing Tendaguru Beds of southeast Tanzanian. The first zone, the Classopollis-Araucariacites-Shanbeipollenites Assemblage Zone, ranges from the Lower to the Upper Saurian Bed, and a mid-Oxfordian to Tithonian age is suggested based on the presence of Shanbeipollenites quadratus. The second zone, the Classopollis-Cicatricosisporites-Ruffordiaspora Assemblage Zone, is restricted in the Trigonia schwarzi Bed, which overlies the Upper Saurian Bed. The combined ranges of Cicatricosisporites hughesii, Ruffordiaspora australiensis and Trilobosporites obsitus would be consistent with a late Berriasian to Hauterivian age of this zone. This is refined further to late Valanginian to Hauterivian on the basis of already existing evidence from fauna and dinoflagellate cysts. From a phytogeographic point of view the Tendaguru locality belongs to the southern Gondwana Trisaccates Province because of the presence of trisaccate podocarpaceous pollen. The quantitative composition of the palynofloras is characterized by the dominance or abundance of pollen produced by the two conifer families Cheirolepidiaceae (Classopollis) and Araucariaceae (mainly Araucariacites). Pollen of Cheirolepidiaceae, typically xerophytic, drought-resistant, thermophilic plants, is dominant throughout the Tendaguru Beds except in parts of the Middle Saurian Bed where pollen of Araucariaceae, a presumably mesic group, becomes most abundant. Classopollis attains the highest degree of dominance in the shallow marine deposits associated with the saurian beds. This may be related to paleoecological and taphonomic factors, namely abundance of Classopollis-producing plants in low-lying coastal environments close to the lagoonlike depositional sites and transportational sorting of sporomorphs leading to a relative enrichment of small and/or anemophilous pollen. The abundance of Araucariacites in the Middle Saurian Bed suggests that araucarians existed in coastal plain environments that were stable enough to allow the growth of large trees. This open araucarian forest, which may have been a source of food for high-browsing dinosaurs, was situated landward of the cheirolepidiacean belt not far from the depositional sites. Pteridophytes and bryophytes were concentrated at moist places and around water bodies. Podocarpaceous conifers producing bisaccate and trisaccate pollen grew in local uplands, while gnetaleans related to Ephedra and Welwitschia may have been present in dry places. The palynological evidence is consistent with a seasonally dry, tropical to sub-tropical paleoclimate. Three new combinations, Equisetosporites certus (Bolkhovitina), Jugella caichigu¨ensis (Volkheimer and Quattrocchio) and Trichotomosulcites microsaccatus (Couper), are proposed, and Jugella semistriata is described as a new species.

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Section: Gymnosperm Pollenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollen and spores from the Tendaguru Beds, Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous of southeast Tanzania: palynostratigraphical and paleoecological implications

Schrank

2010

Palynology

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“…For example, the range base of Nannoceratopsis is Upper The dominance of the pollen genus Classopollis is clearly significant. Its palaeoecology has been much discussed and it is conventionally interpreted as being thermophilic and a reliable proxy for warm/hot climatic conditions 19,20,69,70 . The parent plants were representatives of the thermophilic and xerophytic family .…”

Section: [223] Palynostratigraphymentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon sequestration in an expanded lake system during the Toarcian oceanic anoxic event

et al. 2017

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(2017) 'Carbon sequestration in an expanded lake system during the Toarcian oceanic anoxic event.', Nature geoscience., 16 (2). pp. 129-134. Further information on publisher's website:https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2871Publisher's copyright statement:Additional information: Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-pro t purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. The early Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event (T-OAE at ~183 Ma) is recognized as one 32 of the most intense and geographically extensive events of oceanic redox change and 33 accompanying organic-carbon burial in the Mesozoic Era 1,2 . The T-OAE is marked by 34 major changes in global geochemical cycles, with an apparently rapid negative shift 35 of as much as ~7‰ in bulk marine and terrestrial organic-carbon isotope records and 36 a typically smaller (3-6‰) negative excursion in carbonate archives and specific 37 organic compounds 3-10 . The observed early Toarcian perturbation to the exogenic 38 carbon cycle has been linked to volcanism of the Karoo-Ferrar large igneous province 39 (LIP) and associated release of volcanogenic CO 2 , thermogenic methane (CH 4 ) from 40 sill intrusion into Gondwanan coals, and biogenic methane from dissociation of sub-41 seafloor clathrates 3,6,[11][12][13] . Early Toarcian elevated atmospheric pCO 2 likely induced 42 climatic and environmental change 5,12,[14][15][16] by accelerating the global hydrological 43 cycle and increasing silicate weathering, thereby increasing delivery of riverine 44 nutrients to the oceans and potentially also to large inland lakes 17 . In the marine 45 realm, the consequential increase in primary productivity and carbon flux to the sea 46 floor is credited with enhancing the burial of planktonic material in relatively deep 47 continental-margin sites, whereas in shallower water semi-restricted marine basins, 48 chemical and physical water-column stratification likely aided the burial of organic 49 matter 17 . Particularly in northern Europe, the evidence points to regional to global 50 development of anoxic/euxinic (sulphide-rich) bottom waters that strongly affected 51 palaeoceanographic conditions and marine ecosystems 15,17,18 . Globally significant 52 burial of 13 C-depleted photosynthetically derived organic matter commonly produced 53 an overarching positive carbon-isotope excursion (CIE) interrupted by the 54 3 characteristic abrupt negative shift that invariably characterizes the T-OAE (early 55Toarcian tenuicostatum−falciferum ammonite biozones) 1,2,18 . 56

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“…Given this context, the Cheirolepidiaceae are ecologically a very anomalous taxon that colonized mostly xeric, mesic and saline habitats (Srivastava, 1976;Upchurch & Doyle, 1981;Watson, 1988;Ulicny & al, 1997) during the Middle Triassic to the Cretaceous-Paleocene boundary (Scheuring, 1976) and possibly into the Paleocene (Pocock & al., 1990; N.R. Cúneo, pers.…”

Section: í Ymentioning

confidence: 99%

Generalist flowers and phytophagous beetles in two tropical canopy trees: resources for multitudes

Ødegaard

Frame²

2007

TAXON

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Recent focus on plant-insect associations during the angiosperm radiation from the last 30 million years of the Early Cretaceous has inadvertently de-emphasized a similar but earlier diversification that occurred among gymnosperms. The existence of gymnosperm-insect associations during the preangiospermous Mesozoic is evidenced by mouthparts capable of reaching and imbibing pollination drops or similar fluids, availability of pollen types consistent with entomophily, and opportunities for related consumption of pollen, seeds, and reproductively associated tissues in major seed-plant groups, namely seed ferns, conifers, cycads, bennettitaleans, and gnetaleans. Based on stereotypical plant damage, head-adherent pollen, gut contents, wing structure, mouthpart morphology and insect damage to plant reproductive organs, the likely nectarivores, pollinivores and pollinators were orthopterans, phasmatodeans, webspinners, sawf lies and wasps, moths, beetles, mecopteroids, and true flies. These associations are ranked from possible to probable although the last three insect clades provide the strongest evidence for pollinator activity. We document two mid Cretaceous examples of these associations•cycadeoideaceous bennettitaleans and beetles and a cheirolepidiaceous conifer and flies•for which there are multiple lines of evidence for insect consumption of plant reproductive tissues but also pollination mutualisms. These data highlight the independent origin of a major phase of plant-insect pollinator-related associations during the mid Mesozoic that served as a prelude for the separate, iterative and later colonization of angiosperms.

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The fossil pollen genus Classopollis

Cited by 107 publications

References 19 publications

Pollen and spores from the Tendaguru Beds, Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous of southeast Tanzania: palynostratigraphical and paleoecological implications

Pollen and spores from the Tendaguru Beds, Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous of southeast Tanzania: palynostratigraphical and paleoecological implications

Carbon sequestration in an expanded lake system during the Toarcian oceanic anoxic event

Generalist flowers and phytophagous beetles in two tropical canopy trees: resources for multitudes

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