Mesoporous Mulberry-like CoMoO₄: A Highly Suitable Anode Material for Sodium Ion Batteries over Lithium Ion Batteries

Abstract

In this work, we have proposed a strategy for the synthesis of a mulberry-like mesoporous CoMoO4 anode material using a hydrothermal method with improved electrochemical performances for both lithium ion and sodium ion battery application. The electrochemical performances of the electrode are largely dependent on the morphology of the constituent material; thus, a unique mulberry-like mesoporous morphology of CoMoO4 was fabricated using a surface-active agent. The formation of this unique morphology is believed to take place due to the formation of primary nanoscaled particles at first followed by the arrangement into a mulberry-like mesoporous morphology. Among all the investigated architectures of CoMoO4 so far, this mulberry-like mesoporous morphology provides a high surface area, numerous reaction sites, and a high permeation of electrolytes, giving rise to an excellent electrochemical performance. More precisely, the mulberry-like CoMoO4 electrode shows a high reversible discharge capacity and long capacity retention (i.e., 1329.5 and 171.5 mAh g–1 at 200 mA g–1 after 100 cycles and 333.7 and 99.22 mAh g–1 at 4000 mA g–1 after 50 cycles for lithium and sodium ion batteries, respectively) due to these distinctive structural features. However, to choose the superior suitability of CoMoO4 for lithium and sodium ion batteries, a cyclability test was separately performed at a high current density of 1000 mA g–1. The obtained electrochemical data as well as ex situ SEM result highly favor the CoMoO4 electrode for sodium ion battery performances. Therefore, the proposed synthesis strategy, which produces a mulberry-like morphology of CoMoO4, makes it an alternative prominent high-performance anode for sodium ion battery applications.

Construction of an Ultra‐High‐Energy Density Hybrid Supercapacitor with Self‐Assembled 3D Hydrangea Flower‐like Mo‐rich CoMoO4 Microstructures

“…The Raman spectra of the CMO‐DIW and CMO‐ETH are shown in Figure 1(b), and the two samples consist primarily of six Raman bands, which were related to the stretching and bending vibrations of the CMO. For CMO‐DIW, the stretching vibrations of the Mo=O and M−O−M bonds were detected at 930.3 and 872.1 cm −1 , respectively [19] . The MoO 4 vibrations in CMO‐DIW may be responsible for the bands at 330.8 and 811.7 cm −1 .…”

“…Figure 3(c) compares core-level Mo 3d spectra of two CMO samples and displays two significant peaks that belong to the spin-orbit splitting of Mo 3d ing energy was observed for two samples between the Mo 3d 5/2 and d 3/2 states, which matches the earlier reports. [19,26] The N 2 adsorption-desorption isotherms of CMO-DIW and CMO-ETH are shown in Figure 4. Both samples exhibit isotherm curves associated with type-IV and the H3 hysteresis loop, demonstrating that they have mesoporous properties.…”

Surfactant‐Mediated Synthesis of Novel Mesoporous Hollow CuO Nanotubes as an Anode Material for Lithium‐Ion Battery Application

“…The low theoretical capacity of graphite (∼372 mAh g −1 ) as an anode is found to be one of the principal reasons behind the limited applications of commercial LIBs [11,12] . Hence, the transition metal oxides are notably investigated as an alternative anode for rechargeable LIBs due to their 2–3 times higher theoretical capacity than graphite, reversible redox reactions, variable oxidation states, high abundance and low cost [11–16] . Among most of the electrochemically active transition metal oxides used for LIBs applications, copper oxide (CuO) is deemed to be one of the potential anodes, which is investigated to a great extent due to its high theoretical capacity (∼674 mAh g −1 ), environment friendliness and high abundance.…”

Cathode Materials Based on LiV3O8 Nanostructures for Sodium-Ion Batteries

“…12−14 According to statistics, replacing LIBs with SIBs can reduce costs by 50%. 15,16 However, the electrochemical equivalent and ionic radius of sodium ions are larger. Consequently, a large gap between its energy density, power density, and service life still exists when compared with LIBs, limiting its commercial application.…”

“…Therefore, exploring new alternative energy storage systems with low cost and high performance has attracted extensive attention. , Sodium and lithium are belong to the same group in the periodic table with similar physical and chemical properties, , and Li + /Li with a potential of −3.04 V [vs standard hydrogen electrode (SHE)] is only 300 mV lower than Na + /Na (−2.71 V vs SHE), making Li + and Na + with similar intercalation and deintercalation mechanisms between cathode and anode materials. , In addition, the surface abundance of sodium is 470-fold that of lithium, and no alloying reaction occurs with aluminum, making it possible to use lower-cost aluminum current collectors. These characteristics give Na-ion batteries (SIBs) a cost advantage. − According to statistics, replacing LIBs with SIBs can reduce costs by 50%. , However, the electrochemical equivalent and ionic radius of sodium ions are larger. Consequently, a large gap between its energy density, power density, and service life still exists when compared with LIBs, limiting its commercial application. , Thus, although SIBs are ideal substitutes for LIBs, which require further investigation, SIBs can be developed based on LIBs to promote their rapid development …”