Meroterpenoids: A Comprehensive Update Insight on Structural Diversity and Biology

Abstract

Meroterpenoids are secondary metabolites formed due to mixed biosynthetic pathways which are produced in part from a terpenoid co-substrate. These mixed biosynthetically hybrid compounds are widely produced by bacteria, algae, plants, and animals. Notably amazing chemical diversity is generated among meroterpenoids via a combination of terpenoid scaffolds with polyketides, alkaloids, phenols, and amino acids. This review deals with the isolation, chemical diversity, and biological effects of 452 new meroterpenoids reported from natural sources from January 2016 to December 2020. Most of the meroterpenoids possess antimicrobial, cytotoxic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, enzyme inhibitory, and immunosupressive effects.

Investigation on the Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibition Potential of Polygonum Plebeium R.Br: A Comprehensive Approach to Disclose New Nutraceutical and Functional Food Ingredients

“…[1,2] As an estimate, out of 877 new chemical compounds discovered between 1981 and 2002, approximately 49 % came from natural products, or, synthetic molecules based on naturalproduct-pharmacophores. [3] Literature search disclosed that mostly anticancer, antidiabetic and the drugs used to treat cardiovascular diseases are natural products or modified natural products, with the fact that during 1981 to 2014, more than 50 % of the drugs were of natural product origin. [4] Therefore, to investigate under-explored medicinal plants for their bioactive phytochemicals is now an important area of research in natural drug development sector.…”

Integration of high-throughput omics technologies in medicinal plant research: The new era of natural drug discovery

“…The terpenoid metabolites are derived from the common precursor isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP), which can be synthesized via two different pathways: the mevalonate (MVA) pathway in the cytoplasm and the methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway in plastids. Terpenoids can be classified into monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, meroterpenes, triterpenes, diterpenoids and other terpenoids in medicinal plants ( Awouafack et al., 2013 ; Sandjo and Kuete, 2013b ; Sandjo and Kuete, 2013a ; Tchimene et al., 2013 ; Nazir et al., 2021 ) ( Figure 4 ). Among the differentially expressed proteins between leaves and rhizomes of soft windflower ( Anemone flaccida ), most proteins involved in the metabolic pathway of triterpenoid saponins biosynthesis were upregulated in rhizomes ( Zhan et al., 2016 ).…”

Connection of Isolated Stereoclusters by Combining 13C-RCSA, RDC, and J-Based Configurational Analyses and Structural Revision of a Tetraprenyltoluquinol Chromane Meroterpenoid from Sargassum muticum

“…Meroditerpenoids of the chromene, where the polyprenyl moiety is bonded to a hydroquinone or similar aromatic ring [ 7 ], constitute a very important family of compounds isolated from Sargassum . Almost a hundred meroditerpenes have been reported from marine organisms such as fish, macroalgae, sponges, coelenterates, and tunicates [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. These compounds have been used in various cancer therapies based on their ability to protect against oxidative damage [ 11 , 12 ].…”