Investigation on the Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibition Potential of Polygonum Plebeium R.Br: A Comprehensive Approach to Disclose New Nutraceutical and Functional Food Ingredients

Abstract

The present work describes medicinal potential and secondary metabolic picture of the methanol extract (PP-M) of Polygonum plebeium R.Br. and its fractions; hexane (PP-H), ethyl acetate (PP-E) and water (PP-W). In total bioactive component estimation, highest contents of phenolic (89.38 � 0.27 mgGAE/g extract) and flavonoid (51.21 � 0.43 mgQE/g extract) were observed in PP-E, and the same fraction exhibited the highest antioxidant potential in DPPH (324.80 � 4.09 mgTE/g extract), ABTS (563.18 � 11.39 mgTE/g extract), CUPRAC (411.33 � 15.49 mgTE/g extract) and FRAC (369.54 � 1.70 mgTE/g extract) assays. In Phosphomolybdenum activity assay, PP-H and PP-E showed nearly similar potential, however, PP-H was the most active (13.54 � 0.24 mgEDTAE/g extract) in metal chelating activity assay. PP-W was the stronger inhibitor (4.03 � 0.05 mgGALAE/g extract) of the enzyme AChE, while PP-H was potent inhibitor of BChE (5.62 � 0.27 mg GALAE/g extract). Interestingly, PP-E was inactive against BChE. Against tyrosinase activity, PP-E was again the most active fraction with inhibitory value of 71.89 � 1.44 mg KAE/g extract, followed by the activity of PP-M and PP-W. Antidiabetic potential was almost equally distributed among PP-M, PP-H and PP-E. For mapping the chemodiversity of P. plebeium, PP-M was analyzed through UHPLC/MS, which led to the identification of more than 50 compounds. Flavonoids were the main components derived from isovitexin, kaempferol and luteolin however, gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, gingerols and lyoniresinol 9'-sulfate were among important bioactive phenols. These findings prompted to conclude that Polygonum plebeium can be a significant source to offer new ingredient for nutraceuticals and functional foods.

Total Bioactive Contents, Metabolic Profiling, Docking Studies, Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibition Activities of Convolvulus Arvensis L. and Multivariate Analysis to Unravel a Potential Herb as Natural Resource for Pharmaceutical Industry

“…Interestingly, all the fractions exhibited nearly equal potential with the polar fractions CAÀ B (37.35 � 0.53 mg KAE/g extract) and CAÀ E (36.22 � 1.01 mg KAE/g extract) displayed slightly high- er activities, which revealed that not only phenolic compounds but also other polar metabolites probably including glycosides may also impart to the inhibition process. Literature reports supported our findings where a mix trend is observed for anti-tyrosinase activity of plant extracts [14,47,48] however, these results disclosed the anti-browning and skin whitening capacity of C. arvensis.…”

“…[13] The results are expressed in terms of milligrams of gallic acid equivalent per gram of the extract (mg GAE/g extract). Total flavonoid contents were determined using the aluminium chloride colorimetric method [14] with the results expressed as mg rutin equivalent per gram of the extract (mg RE/g extract). UHPLC/MS analysis was used to assess the secondary metabolites composition of the methanol extract (CAÀ M) in positive ionization mode.…”

“…An Agilent 6520 Accurate-Mass Q-TOF mass spectrometer with dual ESI source and Agilent 1290 infinite UHPLC system was utilized to identify secondary metabolites. [14] The METLIN database was used to make a preliminary identification of the secondary metabolites.…”

Comprehensive Phytochemical Profiling, Biological Activities, and Molecular Docking Studies of Pleurospermum candollei: An Insight into Potential for Natural Products Development

“…The antioxidant potential of P. candollei was tested by six different methods, which include DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, CUPRAC, and TAC (phosphomolybdenum assay) by previously described methods [131,132]. The results were expressed as equivalent to Trolox, whereas the metal-chelating property was expressed as equivalent to ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), and all the readings were taken in triplicates.…”

“…The enzyme-inhibitory potential of all fractions was tested against tyrosinase, αamylase, and α-glucosidase by using the methods reported in the literature [132]. Tyrosinase inhibition was measured as kojic acid equivalent, and inhibition of enzymes, responsible for hyperglycemia (α-amylase and α-glucosidase) was observed by acarbose equivalent potential of the extract, and its fractions and three readings were taken for each assay.…”