Chemodiversity, Biological Activities and Molecular Docking Studies ofLeptadenia pyrotechnica(Forssk.) Decne: A Comprehensive Approach to Validate Its Medicinal Use.

Abstract

Leptadenia pyrotechnica (Forssk.) Decne is growing in Cholistan desert, and is known for its laxative, analgesic, anabolic and astringent, antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, antibacterial, antitumor, hypolipidemic and antiatherosclerotic properties. The present study disclosed the metabolic picture of L. pyrotechnica and validates its folk uses. LP‐H fraction constitute 25.79±0.11 mgGAE/g extract and 20.64±0.33 mgRE/g extract of phenolic and flavonoid content, respectively, followed by LP‐E (23.15±0.33 mgGAE/g extract and 19.40±0.13 mgRE/g extract), however, LP‐E exhibited the highest free radical scavenging (DPPH: 21.05±0.45mgTE/g and ABTS: 68.12±0.53 mgTE/g) and metal reducing (FRAP: 44.93±1.66, CUPRAC: 117.42±1.28 mgTE/g, respectively) activities. The total antioxidant capacity in Phosphomolybdenum assay (1.52±0.14 mmolTE/g) and ferrous ion chelating (11.57±0.29 mgEDTAE/g) activities were observed highest for LP‐H extract. In cholinesterase's inhibitory assays, the LP‐E and LP‐W extracts exhibited inhibitory values as 2.43 and 2.40±0.07 mgGALAE/g extract, respectively against AChE, while against BChE the LP‐H displayed the highest value as 5.98±0.44 mgGALAE/g extract. The LP‐H fraction also showed the highest inhibition potential (7.72±0.14 mmol ACAE/g and 0.55±0.01 mmol ACAE/g, respectively) against α‐glucosidase and α‐amylase enzymes, while, in tyrosinase inhibitory assay, all the fractions exhibited significant activities in the range of 59.35±0.29 to 55.18±0.49 mgKAE/g extract. RP‐UHPLC/MS analysis of LP‐M disclosed the presence of 57 metabolites of various classes. A multivariate analysis and molecular docking study was also carried out to establish relationships between the metabolites and the biological activities, which finally validate the use of L. pyrotechnica as herbal medicine or component nutraceutical, food and cosmetic industry.

Antioxidant, carbonic anhydrase inhibition and diuretic activity of Leptadenia pyrotechnica Forssk. Decne

“…It is immunostimulant in nature and improves neutrophil adhesion and phagocytic index [ 16 ]. It inhibits several enzymes including acetylcholinesterase, buterylcholinesterase, tyrosinase, α-amylase and α-glucosidase [ 47 , 48 ]. The hexane extract of L. pyrotechnica exhibited anti-cancer effects by inducing apoptosis in colon cancer cells through caspase activation and p53 pathway [ 49 ].…”

“…Involvement of muscarinic receptors was assessed by pretreatment with atropine (1.5 mg/kg), which significantly reduced urine volume in a similar fashion as observed with COX inhibition. Previously, it has been reported that L. pyrotechnica inhibited acetylcholinesterase and buterylcholinesterase enzymes [ 47 ], thus it can be suggested that cholinergic transmission may play a role in diuretic effect of Lp.Cr. In our experiments, we did not see any decrease in Na + and K + excretion which appears contradictory.…”

Total Bioactive Contents, Metabolic Profiling, Docking Studies, Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibition Activities of Convolvulus Arvensis L. and Multivariate Analysis to Unravel a Potential Herb as Natural Resource for Pharmaceutical Industry

“…Galantamine was used as a reference drug in AChE and BChE inhibitory assay, which was measured as milligram of galantamine equivalent per gram of the extract (mg GALAE/g extract). [16] The results for amylase and glucosidase inhibition were represented in millimoles of acarbose equivalent per gram of the extract (mM ACAE/g extract). The inhibition of the tyrosinase enzyme was measured in milligrams of kojic acid equivalents per gram of the extract (mg KAE/g extract).…”

“…The inhibition of the tyrosinase enzyme was measured in milligrams of kojic acid equivalents per gram of the extract (mg KAE/g extract). [16] All of the assays were carried out in triplicate.…”