The leaves of Passiflora
ligularis Juss (known as sweet granadilla for its
edible fruits) are a crop
byproduct that is discarded. With the aim of contributing to give
value-added products from these crop by-side products to farmers of
Colombian Andes, we carried out a 1H-NMR-metabolomics analysis
of polar extracts from leaves collected in three locations and stored
in two conditions in order to identify glucosyl-hydrolase inhibitors.
Variations in the metabolic profile and the bioactivity among samples
were analyzed by orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis.
Thus, 1H-NMR signals related to polyphenolic compounds,
saponins, and amino acids were correlated with higher inhibitory activities.
Moreover, a targeted NMR and HPLC–MS/MS analysis allowed the
identification of 14 polyphenolic compounds and the structural characterization
of a new triterpenoid saponin, ligularoside A. The measurements of
IC50 values for α-amylase and α-glycosidase
inhibitors allowed the identification of quercetin-3-O-β-glucoside, kaempferol-3-O-β-glucoside,
and ligularoside A as the most active compounds. These results suggest
that P. ligularis leaves are a source
of glucosyl-hydrolase inhibitors and lay the foundation for exploring
additional applications.
The Caribbean soft coral Erythropodium caribaeorum is a rich source of erythrolides—chlorinated briarane diterpenoids. These compounds have an ecological role as feeding deterrents, with a wide variation in their composition depending on the location where the sample is collected. In Colombia, this soft coral can be found at different locations in the Caribbean Sea including Santa Marta, Islas del Rosario, and Providencia—three environmentally different coral reef areas in the south and southwest Caribbean Sea. In order to evaluate differences in erythrolide composition, the metabolic profiles of samples from each of these locations were analyzed by HPLC-MS. Principal component analysis showed changes in the diterpene composition according to the sample origin. Diterpenes from samples collected at each location were isolated to describe the three chemotypes. The chemotype from Santa Marta was highly diverse, with the new erythrolides W and X together with eight known erythrolides. The sample from Islas del Rosario showed a low diversity chemotype constituted by high amounts of erythrolide A and B. The chemotype from Providencia showed low chemical diversity with only two main compounds—erythrolide V and R. Evaluation of cytotoxic activity against the human cancer cell lines PC-3, MCF7, and A549 showed erythrolides A and B as the more active compounds with IC50 values in the range from 2.45 to 30 μM.
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