Mental Health Needs of Adolescents and the Nursing Cares: Integrative Review

Abstract

Objective: to systematize the knowledge produced about nursing performance in the face of adolescents' mental health needs. Method: integrative literature review, submitting the problem: what are the mental health needs of adolescents and the nursing care provided? Data collection was performed in the PubMed databases; CINAHL; SciELO; ScienceDirect; LILACS, in the month of April 2018. Were included 30 articles available in Portuguese, English or Spanish with full access and free of charge. The findings were grouped into thematic categories with review/synthesis of knowledge. Results: the sample consisted of articles predominantly in English and published between 1999 and 2018. The main mental health needs of adolescents are related to depression, anxiety, stress, drug use and dependence, eating disorders, among others. Nursing cares include health education, groups, cognitive behavioral therapy, interpersonal relationships, and activities that involve adolescents, their families, peers and the school environment. It was evidenced that nurses work with different approaches and intervene through the nursing process and physical activity practices, among other tools that are accessible to them. Conclusion: this review allows professionals to formulate new actions that are based on the adolescent's real mental health needs, which are neglected, because they do not attend so much the health services. The need for studies with higher level of scientific evidence is mentioned.

Análise retrospectiva do paciente com depressão assistido em serviço especializado de saúde mental

“…A enfermagem está inserida em diversos âmbitos do cuidado, e a esfera mental é uma parte importante cuja integração se dá especialmente por meio da rede de atenção à saúde com equipamentos como os Centros de Atenção Psicossocial (Wenceslau & Ortega, 2015). Nesse sentido, uma melhor compreensão das ações de enfermagem na rede de Research, Society and Development, v. 10, n. 4, e45110414246, 2021 (CC BY 4.0) | ISSN 2525-3409 | DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i4.14246 atenção à saúde facilita a implementação de cuidados específicos para lidar com essa população; bem como, o reconhecimento de problemas de saúde evitáveis e negligenciados (Teixeira et al, 2020).…”

“…Nesse sentido, o cuidado ao paciente mental com depressão se dá pela assistência individualizada e sistematizada. Para isso, o processo de enfermagem torna-se o método reflexivo mais apropriado para gerenciar os métodos advindos das comorbidades clinicas e principalmente da depressão, ao passo que traçando diagnósticos de enfermagem e intervenções é possível acelerar as condutas necessárias ao cuidar de forma resolutiva (Teixeira, Freitas, Moura, & Monteiro, 2020).…”

Malnutrición por exceso, alteraciones de salud mental y autoconcepto en población infanto-juvenil: revisión integrativa

“…En una revisión integrativa realizada en Brasil analizaron el actuar de enfermería en relación con niños y adolescente con alteraciones de salud mental, en donde concluyen que la actuación del profesional de Enfermería considera la gestión y organización del cuidado con una mirada individualizada y respetuosa, con el objetivo de promocionar la autonomía y resocialización de estos jóvenes y sus familias, a partir de la inclusión de la familia en la planifi cación del cuidado 29 . Otra revisión integrativa similar analizó las principales necesidades de salud mental de los adolescentes y los cuidados de Enfermería otorgado, en donde las principales necesidades se relacionaban con la depresión, la ansiedad, el estrés, el uso y la adicción a las drogas, los trastornos alimenticios, entre otros, y los cuidados de enfermería constatados fueron: acciones de educación en materia de salud, terapia cognitiva conductual, fomento de grupos, relaciones interpersonales y de actividades que impliquen al adolescente con su familia, sus pares y su entorno escolar 30 . Se sugiere que los profesionales de Enfermería realicen planes de intervenciones que contemplen educar sobre la promoción y prevención de la malnutrición por exceso, y por consiguiente a la salud mental y autoconcepto en la etapa preescolar.…”

The significance of the nursing actions in psychiatric hospitalization of female adolescent users of psychoactive substances

“…In hospitalization, although exist a physical approximation between the actors, there is no guarantee of intersubjectivity, the establishment of integrative relationships, in which some motivate each other (4) .…”

“…The care provided by nursing directed to adolescents users of psychoactive substances can include actions aimed at promoting physical and mental well-being with the centrality of dialogue as a space for expressing the adolescent's needs, constituting an important way to establish communication and therapeutic relationship. Nursing can also include in its actions emancipatory perspectives of adolescents, aiming at the prevention of drug use and health promotion, with an ethical approach that considers their context and subjectivity (4) .…”