Melatonin ameliorates radiation-induced oxidative stress at targeted and nontargeted lung tissue

Ghobadi, Alireza; Shirazi, Alireza; Najafi, Masoud; Kahkesh, Masoud Heidari; Rezapoor, Saeed

doi:10.4103/jmp.jmp_60_17

Cited by 41 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…An appropriate radioprotector should protect healthy tissues without side effects due to the response of cancer cells [48,49]. Melatonin, a natural hormone in humans, has properties for protecting normal tissues against radiotherapy complications [50,51]. It can scavenge free radicals [52,53,54] and it has the advantages of less toxicity and minimal side effects [55,56].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histopathological and Functional Evaluation of Radiation-Induced Sciatic Nerve Damage: Melatonin as Radioprotector

et al. 2019

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Background and Objectives: Radiotherapy uses ionizing radiation for cancer treatment. One of the side effects of radiotherapy is peripheral neuropathy. After irradiation, the first stage of neuropathy involves electrophysiological, biochemical and histopathological variations, while the fibrosis of soft tissues surrounding the exposed nerve occurs in the second stage. The present study aimed to examine the radioprotective effects of melatonin against ionizing radiation-induced sciatic nerve damage. Materials and Methods: Sixty male Wistar rats were assigned to four groups: C (Control + Vehicle), M (Melatonin), R (Radiation + Vehicle), MR (Radiation + Melatonin). Their right legs were irradiated with a 30 Gy single dose of gamma rays. Then, 100 mg/kg melatonin was administered to the animals 30 min before irradiation once daily (5 mg/kg) until the day of rats’ sacrifice. Their exposed nerve tissues were assessed using the sciatic functional index (SFI) and histological evaluation. Results: Four, 12 and 20 weeks post irradiation, the SFI results showed that irradiation led to partial loss of motor nerve function after 12 and 20 weeks. Histological evaluation showed the various stages of axonal degeneration and demyelination compared to the C and M groups. Scar-like tissues were detected around the irradiated nerves in the R group at 20 weeks, but were absent in the MR group. The SFI and histological results of the R group showed partial nerve lesion. However, in all cases, treatment with melatonin prevented these effects. Conclusions: Results showed that melatonin has the potential to improve functional and morphological features of exposed sciatic nerves. This could possibly improve the therapeutic window of radiotherapy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histopathological and Functional Evaluation of Radiation-Induced Sciatic Nerve Damage: Melatonin as Radioprotector

et al. 2019

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“…Gastritis typically appears after the gastric exposure to doses higher than 40–50 Gy [ 96 ]. Although the molecular mechanisms of gastritis following exposure to radiation have not been completely determined, several studies have reported that the suppression of inflammation using anti-inflammatory drugs can help control this condition [ 97 – 99 ]. Graziani et al proposed that radiation-induced gastritis in patients with pancreatic cancer can be stimulated by other drugs, such as erlotinib, which is an antagonist for the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor [ 100 ] (Fig.…”

Section: Evidence Of Ir-induced Autoimmune Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation-induced inflammation and autoimmune diseases

et al. 2018

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Currently, ionizing radiation (IR) plays a key role in the agricultural and medical industry, while accidental exposure resulting from leakage of radioactive sources or radiological terrorism is a serious concern. Exposure to IR has various detrimental effects on normal tissues. Although an increased risk of carcinogenesis is the best-known long-term consequence of IR, evidence has shown that other diseases, particularly diseases related to inflammation, are common disorders among irradiated people. Autoimmune disorders are among the various types of immune diseases that have been investigated among exposed people. Thyroid diseases and diabetes are two autoimmune diseases potentially induced by IR. However, the precise mechanisms of IR-induced thyroid diseases and diabetes remain to be elucidated, and several studies have shown that chronic increased levels of inflammatory cytokines after exposure play a pivotal role. Thus, cytokines, including interleukin-1(IL-1), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ), play a key role in chronic oxidative damage following exposure to IR. Additionally, these cytokines change the secretion of insulin and thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH). It is likely that the management of inflammation and oxidative damage is one of the best strategies for the amelioration of these diseases after a radiological or nuclear disaster. In the present study, we reviewed the evidence of radiation-induced diabetes and thyroid diseases, as well as the potential roles of inflammatory responses. In addition, we proposed that the mitigation of inflammatory and oxidative damage markers after exposure to IR may reduce the incidence of these diseases among individuals exposed to radiation.

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“…Melatonin improves rectification of faulty DNA replication in colon cancer (HCT-15) and breast cancer (MCF-7) cell lines (179). DNA distortion caused by UV (180), ionizing radiation (181), nucleotoxic agents such as hydrogen peroxide (182), formaldehyde (183), bisphenol A (184) and phenytoin sodium (185) has also been prevented by melatonin treatment. It is suggested that high nocturnal melatonin concentration is responsible for maintaining non-malignant phenotype in cancer cells by melatonin's ability to regulate pyruvate dehydrogenase complex/pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase axis (186).…”

Section: Melatonin Protects the Cardiac Function In Cancer Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple strategies of melatonin protecting against cardiovascular injury related to inflammation: A comprehensive overview

Sarkar¹,

Chattopadhyay²,

Bandyopadhyay³

2021

Melatonin Res.

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The onset and progression of baneful chronic diseases are often accompanied by a torrent of uncontrolled inflammatory reactions. Although inflammation is a natural response to detect, eliminate, and counterpoise the harmful insults to physiological integrity, a persistent inflammation causes tissue damage or more serious disorders, for example, the atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction. Inflammation often occurs in the cardiovascular system, but are also caused by other disorders including metabolic syndrome, autoimmune diseases, AIDS, and cancer that can affect the cardiac health. To effectively treat heart diseases a potent remedy is necessary which not only suppresses the inflammation but also prevents inflammation-associated cardio-pathogenesis. The ubiquitous antioxidant molecule melatonin has both anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective activities. Melatonin executes its anti-inflammatory activity by its antioxidant function or by targeting multiple intracellular signalling cascades such as modulating cytokine profile, blocking inflammasome activation and apoptosis. Lipid dysregulation and endothelial dysfunction that play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, insulin resistance, and diabetes are prevented by melatonin. Attenuation of mitochondrial and ER stress by melatonin is also pertinent to its cardioprotective action. Additionally, melatonin by its immuno-stimulatory activity can suppress inflammaging and immuno-senescence in HIV patients and thereby averts chronic inflammation-induced cardiovascular abnormality in these subjects. Modulation of cytokine profile and decrease in MMP-9 secretion by melatonin is beneficial in autoimmune conditions. In addition to its anti-tumour potency, melatonin can reduce chemotherapy-induced cardio-toxicity in cancer patients. This review, therefore, provides a concise summary of the currently available information appertaining to the roles of melatonin in mitigation of chronic inflammation and its effect on cardiovascular integrity.

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Melatonin ameliorates radiation-induced oxidative stress at targeted and nontargeted lung tissue

Cited by 41 publications

References 21 publications

Histopathological and Functional Evaluation of Radiation-Induced Sciatic Nerve Damage: Melatonin as Radioprotector

Histopathological and Functional Evaluation of Radiation-Induced Sciatic Nerve Damage: Melatonin as Radioprotector

Radiation-induced inflammation and autoimmune diseases

Multiple strategies of melatonin protecting against cardiovascular injury related to inflammation: A comprehensive overview

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