Melatonin ameliorates periodontitis‐related inflammatory stress at cardiac left ventricular tissues in rats

Abstract

Background: The aim of this experimental rat study was to investigate the potential inflammatory effects of periodontitis on cardiac left ventricular tissue and the therapeutic activity of melatonin on these effects. Methods: Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: control, experimental periodontitis (Ep), and Ep-melatonin (Ep-Mel). Experimental periodontitis was induced by placing and maintaining 3.0 silk ligatures at a peri marginal position on the left and right mandibular first molars for 5 weeks. Afterward, following the removal of ligatures, melatonin (10 mg/body weight) to Ep-Mel group, and vehicle (saline) to Ep and control groups were administered intraperitoneally for 14 days. On the first day of the eighth week, mandibular and cardiac left ventricular tissue samples were obtained following the euthanasia of the rats in all groups. Alveolar bone loss measurements were made on histological and microcomputed tomographic slices. Cardiac tissue levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and cardiac Troponin-T (cTnT) were evaluated by appropriate biochemical methods. Results: Measurements made on the histological and microcomputed tomographic slices showed that melatonin significantly limits the ligature-induced periodontal tissue destruction (P <0.01). In addition, melatonin was detected to cause a significant decrease of MDA, MMP-9, and cTnT levels which were found to be significantly higher on rats with Ep (P <0.05) while having no significant effect on antioxidant levels (GSH, SOD, and CAT) (P >0.05). Conclusion: Melatonin might be regarded as an important supportive therapeutic agent to reduce the early degenerative changes and possible hypertrophic remodeling at cardiac left ventricular tissues provoked by periodontitis-related bacteria and/or periodontal inflammation.

Melatonin improves periodontitis‐induced kidney damage by decreasing inflammatory stress and apoptosis in rats

“…Following a histological procedure that was explained in detail in our prior studies, 20,22,26 there were 10 bucco‐lingual sections for each right mandibular first molar region. These sections were stained with Mallory triple stain modified by Crossman for histomorphometric examination.…”

“…Reconstruction of images was performed using software. Levels of bone loss in the mesial and distal furcation and distal sides of the distal roots were measured by the analysis performed on the images 22 . Three points were considered as shown in Figure 2: roof of the furcations, CEJ, and alveolar bone crest (Fig.…”

“…Another property that makes melatonin superior to other antioxidants is the fact that it does not turn into a pro‐oxidant molecular structure by losing electron while interacting with free radicals 15,20 . Melatonin's role as a host modulatory agent in the treatment of several inflammatory diseases like cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, and periodontitis is a current topic 18,20,22 . Clinical 19,23 and animal 10,18,20,22,24 studies revealed that systemic, 10,20,22–24 or topical 19 melatonin supplementation significantly contributes to the treatment of periodontitis via its antioxidant and antiresorptive actions.…”

“…Melatonin's role as a host modulatory agent in the treatment of several inflammatory diseases like cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, and periodontitis is a current topic 18,20,22 . Clinical 19,23 and animal 10,18,20,22,24 studies revealed that systemic, 10,20,22–24 or topical 19 melatonin supplementation significantly contributes to the treatment of periodontitis via its antioxidant and antiresorptive actions. Moreover, it is also shown by experimental models that, melatonin administration limits the structural and functional injuries in kidney tissue 13,16,17,25 .…”

Evaluation of Oxidative Status in Patients With Chronic Periodontitis and Additional Tobacco Abuse: A Cross-Sectional Study

“…18 MLT is an immunomodulator hormone that stimulates proliferation and synthesis of type 1 collagen and bone formation. 19,20 MLT has strong antioxidant effects that counteract the inflammatory condition and oxidative damage. 21,22 Neutrophils is an significant cell type in host defense.…”