Melanopsin Contributions to Irradiance Coding in the Thalamo-Cortical Visual System

Brown, T. M.; Gias, Carlos; Hatori, Megumi; Keding, Sheena Racheal; Semo, Ma’ayan; Coffey, Peter; Gigg, John; Piggins, Hugh D.; Panda, Satchidananda; Lucas, Robert J.

doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000558

Cited by 242 publications

(308 citation statements)

References 71 publications

(86 reference statements)

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“…Within the retina, the melanopsin-expressing ipRGCs are thought to provide the primary irradiance signal (Wong, 2012). The ipRGC irradiance code is already known to impact conventional vision by setting pupil size (Lucas et al, 2003), adapting visual circuits (Allen et al, 2014;Hankins and Lucas, 2002;Zhang et al, 2008), and regulating maintained firing (Brown et al, 2010). Our demonstration that irradiance control of oscillations can be modulated by changes in spectral power density targeting melanopsin and is impaired in melanopsin knockouts argues that melanopsin (and thus ipRGCs) also plays a central role in this aspect of vision.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of Fast Narrowband Oscillations in the Mouse Retina and dLGN According to Background Light Intensity

Storchi

Bedford

Martial

et al. 2017

Neuron

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112

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of Fast Narrowband Oscillations in the Mouse Retina and dLGN According to Background Light Intensity

Storchi

Bedford

Martial

et al. 2017

Neuron

Self Cite

112

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“…ipGRCs have been shown to use a rhabdomeric-like phosphoinositide cascade involving the effector enzyme PLC (18,41). Very recently, it has been observed that these melanopsin-expressing ganglion cells extend their projections toward the thalamo-cortical neurons implicated in pattern vision, establishing melanopsin-based photoreception as a significant source of visual information to the thalamo-cortical pathway, independent of rods or cones (43). The ipGRCs and the fly phototransduction mechanisms also share other similarities: both require a member of the Gq/11 family of G proteins as a mediator of the phototransduction cascade, and, in both cases, the phototransduction cascade is tightly coupled to the plasma membrane and involves light-sensitive channels belonging to the TRP family (44).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fly cryptochrome and the visual system

Mazzotta

Rossi

Leonardi

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Cryptochromes are flavoproteins, structurally and evolutionarily related to photolyases, that are involved in the development, magnetoreception, and temporal organization of a variety of organisms. Drosophila CRYPTOCHROME (dCRY) is involved in light synchronization of the master circadian clock, and its C terminus plays an important role in modulating light sensitivity and activity of the protein. The activation of dCRY by light requires a conformational change, but it has been suggested that activation could be mediated also by specific "regulators" that bind the C terminus of the protein. This C-terminal region harbors several protein-protein interaction motifs, likely relevant for signal transduction regulation. Here, we show that some functional linear motifs are evolutionarily conserved in the C terminus of cryptochromes and that class III PDZ-binding sites are selectively maintained in animals. A coimmunoprecipitation assay followed by mass spectrometry analysis revealed that dCRY interacts with Retinal Degeneration A (RDGA) and with Neither Inactivation Nor Afterpotential C (NINAC) proteins. Both proteins belong to a multiprotein complex (the Signalplex) that includes visualsignaling molecules. Using bioinformatic and molecular approaches, dCRY was found to interact with Neither Inactivation Nor Afterpotential C through Inactivation No Afterpotential D (INAD) in a light-dependent manner and that the CRY-Inactivation No Afterpotential D interaction is mediated by specific domains of the two proteins and involves the CRY C terminus. Moreover, an impairment of the visual behavior was observed in fly mutants for dCRY, indicative of a role, direct or indirect, for this photoreceptor in fly vision.

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“…There is, however, some data concerning the potential roles performed by M4-type pRGCs. The nature and properties of light responses recorded from cells within the dLGN have suggested a role for melanopsin in encoding changes in background [18][19][20] and the modulation of visual responses, with melanopsin reportedly driving adaptation of visual responses, modulating visual feature selectivity and facilitating a more reliable encoding of complex visual signals. 22,23 Based on retrograde labelling studies, it would seem that M4-type pRGCs project almost exclusively to the dLGN, 39 and would, therefore, seem to be predominantly tasked with providing input to visual pathways.…”

Section: Physiological Roles Performed By Prgc Subtypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…17 More recently it has become clear that melanopsin contributes not only to a range of NIF pathways but also performs multiple roles in image forming visual pathways. Melanopsin provides visual centres with information regarding overall levels of environmental light, and performs roles in irradiance coding and brightness discrimination, [18][19][20] contrast detection, 21 and adaptation of visual responses. 22 Melanopsin also acts as an irradiance detector for the retina, 22,23 providing measures of overall illuminance and facilitating the adaptation of cone photoresponses under bright-light conditions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Signalling by melanopsin (OPN4) expressing photosensitive retinal ganglion cells

Hughes

Jagannath

Rodgers

et al. 2016

Eye

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Over the past two decades there have been significant advances in our understanding of both the anatomy and function of the melanopsin system. It has become clear that rather than acting as a simple irradiance detector the melanopsin system is in fact far more complicated. The range of behavioural systems known to be influenced by melanopsin activity is increasing with time, and it is now clear that melanopsin contributes not only to multiple non-image forming systems but also has a role in visual pathways. How melanopsin is capable of driving so many different behaviours is unclear, but recent evidence suggests that the answer may lie in the diversity of melanopsin light responses and the functional specialisation of photosensitive retinal ganglion cell (pRGC) subtypes. In this review, we shall overview the current understanding of the melanopsin system, and evaluate the evidence for the hypothesis that individual pRGC subtypes not only perform specific roles, but are functionally specialised to do so. We conclude that while, currently, the available data somewhat support this hypothesis, we currently lack the necessary detail to fully understand how the functional diversity of pRGC subtypes correlates with different behavioural responses, and ultimately why such complexity is required within the melanopsin system. What we are lacking is a cohesive understanding of how light responses differ between the pRGC subtypes (based not only on anatomical classification but also based on their site of innervation); how these diverse light responses are generated, and most importantly how these responses relate to the physiological functions they underpin.

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Melanopsin Contributions to Irradiance Coding in the Thalamo-Cortical Visual System

Abstract: Neurophysiological and anatomical studies identify melanopsin expressing retinal ganglion cells (mRGCs) as a major source of information in the mouse visual system.

Cited by 242 publications

References 71 publications

Modulation of Fast Narrowband Oscillations in the Mouse Retina and dLGN According to Background Light Intensity

Modulation of Fast Narrowband Oscillations in the Mouse Retina and dLGN According to Background Light Intensity

Fly cryptochrome and the visual system

Signalling by melanopsin (OPN4) expressing photosensitive retinal ganglion cells

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