“…However, unlike most unisexual vertebrates (Avise, 2008), gibel carp has been revealed to have multiple reproduction modes including unisexual gynogenesis and sexual reproduction (Zhou et al, 2000;Gui and Zhou, 2010;Li et al, 2014a;Mei and Gui, 2015;Zhang et al, 2015), and a high male incidence has been also observed in many natural populations (Jiang et al, 2013;Li et al, 2016). Utilizing it as an evolutional development biology model for screening reproduction-related genes, many important genes, such as oocytespecific and ovarian development-associated genes C-type lection (Dong et al, 2004), C1q-like (Mei et al, 2008(Mei et al, , 2014 and spindlin (Sun et al, 2010), oocyte-specific H2A variant h2af1o (Wu et al, 2009;Yue et al, 2013) and stem-loop binding protein-encoded gene slbp2 (Liu et al, 2015a), testis determination-related gene Dmrt1 (Li et al, 2014a), and germ cell marker genes Vasa and Dazl (Xu et al, 2005;Peng et al, 2009), have been identified and functionally characterized in gibel carp.…”