Mediterranean and Continental Tall Fescue: II. Effects of Cold, Nonfreezing Temperatures on Leaf Extension, Proline, Fructan, and Abscisic Acid

Dierking, Ryan M.; Kallenbach, Robert L.

doi:10.2135/cropsci2011.03.0160

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(58 reference statements)

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“…In this light, the carbohydrate accumulation observed at 120 DAS in all tissues of cold treated seedlings was to be expected, perhaps with a similar amplitude to that previously observed by Dierking and Kallenbach [9] on Mediterranean and Continental tall fescue accessions exposed to 4.5°C for 30 d. Carbohydrates content started to decline from 120 DAS up to 400 DAS plants at 4°C, similar to 21 DAS plants at 23°C, indicating that this gradual sugar starvation happened due to its use in basal metabolism during long-term cold stress. Moreover, the modulation of carbohydrates balance in germination response to long-term cold stress could regulate genes involved in starch degradation observed in our results, as previously reported in cereal embryos [8].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…However, ABA does appear to be necessary to maximize the induction of cold-responsive genes, and thus, cross-talk between cold and ABA signaling pathways may exist [38]. Moreover, Dierking and Kallenbach [9] observed that the accumulation of ABA in response to cold stress in tall fescue occurs to a lesser degree than what is observed in response to other abiotic stresses. All evidences support our results under long-term cold stress, where ABA showed predominance in embryos according to the delayed germination, while coleoptile and roots did not showed significant increase of ABA in response to cold stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…), a cool-season bunch-type grass, is a wise choice for stockpiling because it maintains its nutritional value longer into winter than many other forage crops [9]. Its native range encompasses a geographical area that stretches from the Mediterranean coasts to the high altitudes of the Alps and the northern latitudes of continental Europe.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seedling Establishment of Tall Fescue Exposed to Long-Term Starvation Stress

et al. 2016

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In germinating seeds under unfavorable environmental conditions, the mobilization of stores in the cotyledons is delayed, which may result in a different modulation of carbohydrates balance and a decrease in seedling vigor. Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) caryopses grown at 4°C in the dark for an extended period in complete absence of nutrients, showed an unexpected ability to survive. Seedlings grown at 4°C for 210 days were morphologically identical to seedlings grown at 23°C for 21 days. After 400 days, seedlings grown at 4°C were able to differentiate plastids to chloroplast in just few days once transferred to the light and 23°C. Tall fescue exposed to prolonged period at 4°C showed marked anatomical changes: cell wall thickening, undifferentiated plastids, more root hairs and less xylem lignification. Physiological modifications were also observed, in particular related to sugar content, GA and ABA levels and amylolytic enzymes pattern. The phytohormones profiles exhibited at 4 and 23°C were comparable when normalized to the respective physiological states. Both the onset and the completion of germination were linked to GA and ABA levels, as well as to the ratio between these two hormones. All plants showed a sharp decline in carbohydrate content, with a consequent onset of gradual sugar starvation. This explained the slowed then full arrest in growth under both treatment regimes. The analysis of amylolytic activity showed that Ca2+ played a central role in the stabilization of several isoforms. Overall, convergence of starvation and hormone signals meet in crosstalk to regulate germination, growth and development in tall fescue.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seedling Establishment of Tall Fescue Exposed to Long-Term Starvation Stress

et al. 2016

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“…Belanger et al (1994) reported that, when N was not limiting, tall fescue shoot growth was three to six times greater than when no N fertilizer was applied. However, in autumn-stockpiled tall fescue, decreasing air temperatures and diminishing daylength typically slowed extension of Kentucky-31 tall fescue leaves (Dierking and Kallenbach, 2012) regardless of N fertilization.…”

Section: Stockpiled Forage Yieldsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Nitrogen Fertilization Rates Influence Stockpiled Tall Fescue Forage through Winter

et al. 2017

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Tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbyish.] can be autumn stockpiled to extend the grazing season. The objectives of this study were to determine (i) optimum mid‐August N fertilization rate for stockpiled yield with or without red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), (ii) if mid‐August N applications affect the persistence of red clover in a mixed sward, (iii) how N fertilization rates affect total ergot alkaloids (TEA) in November, and (iv) if N fertilization rates and harvest months affect nutritive value through winter. At the University of Missouri Forage Systems Research Center near Linneus, MO, five N fertilization rates were applied in mid‐August and forage was harvested the following November through March. Dry matter yield, crude protein (CP), and in vitro true digestibility (IVTD) were determined for each sampling date. Each November, TEA were measured from tall fescue‐only plots. Red clover densities were determined each June. Stockpiled yields increased with increasing N fertilization rates up to 168 kg N ha−1. Red clover neither impaired nor improved stockpiled forage yield. Red clover densities decreased linearly as N fertilization rate increased the previous August. Sward type affected nutritive value minimally. Losses in CP and IVTD through winter averaged 20 and 60 g kg−1, respectively, over the 4 yr. Application of 56 kg N ha−1 provided forage with CP concentrations that would support nonlactating beef cows. Fertilization rates of ≥112 kg N ha−1 resulted in November TEA concentrations that are toxic to grazing livestock. For optimum stockpiled forage yields, forage should be fertilized with <112 kg N ha−1 and grazed before January.

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“…Substantial altitudinal increases in Pro concentrations have been reported in herbaceous alpine species, outcome of joint decreasing temperatures and inadequate water conditions. A comparison among several high‐mountain Festuca arundinacea genotypes showed how Pro accumulation drastically increases in alpine accessions in response to cold stress, and the relationship between higher Pro accumulation and superior freezing tolerance in these accessions (Dierking and Kallenbach ). The latter provides further proof that Pro accumulation would be a proficient plant stress indicator for high‐mountain species, and therefore should be included in studies for an accurate, easy and prompt assessment of plant status under drought and temperature stress in high‐mountain areas.…”

Section: Stress Indicators: Evaluating Adaptation Responses To Abiotimentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic and physiological responses of Mediterranean high‐mountain and alpine plants to combined abiotic stresses

Ugarte

Escudero

Gavilán

2019

Physiologia Plantarum

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High‐mountain areas provide excellent opportunities to study the effects of combined abiotic stresses on plant physiology given their variety of steep ecological gradients, low anthropogenic disturbance and remarkable levels of taxonomic diversity. Efficient photoprotective and antioxidant scavenging mechanisms are vital for survival in high‐mountain plants, having its altitudinal and seasonal variations determined by environmental or ontogenetic factors such as the decrease in mean temperatures and water availability. A number of stress indicators have been described in order to rapidly assess plant fitness in high‐mountain environments. For instance, carbon isotope (δ13C) and proline content as drought and temperature stress indicators, because of their link to water‐use efficiency and osmotic adjustment; photosynthetic pigments, related to phenology, nutrient status, light and temperature stress; and non‐structural carbohydrate accumulation in response to mild or brief drought conditions. The present review unveils the wide research opportunities available for the study of adaptive responses in high‐mountain plants via stress indicators, and calls attention to the substantial knowledge gap existing between alpine zones and other mountainous regions, such as Mediterranean high‐mountains. The aim is to grant a more holistic understanding of the physiological mechanisms driving plant life in high altitudes and improve the predictions of the effects of changing environments in these species and across ecological scales.

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Mediterranean and Continental Tall Fescue: II. Effects of Cold, Nonfreezing Temperatures on Leaf Extension, Proline, Fructan, and Abscisic Acid

Abstract: Continental tall fescue [Festuca arundinaceaSchreb. syn. Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh.] is the predominant forage used by cattle producers throughout much of the Midwest. However, Mediterranean tall fescue is gaining popularity in warmer, drier climates.

Cited by 10 publications

References 45 publications

Seedling Establishment of Tall Fescue Exposed to Long-Term Starvation Stress

Seedling Establishment of Tall Fescue Exposed to Long-Term Starvation Stress

Nitrogen Fertilization Rates Influence Stockpiled Tall Fescue Forage through Winter

Metabolic and physiological responses of Mediterranean high‐mountain and alpine plants to combined abiotic stresses

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