2015
DOI: 10.1007/s11916-015-0524-x
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Medical Marijuana and Chronic Pain: a Review of Basic Science and Clinical Evidence

Abstract: Cannabinoid compounds include phytocannabinoids, endocannabinoids, and synthetics. The two primary phytocannabinoids are delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), with CB1 receptors in the brain and peripheral tissue and CB2 receptors in the immune and hematopoietic systems. The route of delivery of cannabis is important as the bioavailability and metabolism are very different for smoking versus oral/sublingual routes. Gold standard clinical trials are limited; however, some studies have thus f… Show more

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Cited by 104 publications
(74 citation statements)
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“…It is a so-called "whole plant" extract, includes THC and CBD at a ratio of 1:1. It stems directly from the cannabis plant and is not synthetic, yet it undergoes an extensive processing regimen [15]. THC and CBD represent approximately 70 percent of the product, with 5 percent from other cannabinoids and the remainder being terpenoids, flavonoids, sterols, alkanes, and other chemicals [15].…”
Section: Semi-synthetic Formsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It is a so-called "whole plant" extract, includes THC and CBD at a ratio of 1:1. It stems directly from the cannabis plant and is not synthetic, yet it undergoes an extensive processing regimen [15]. THC and CBD represent approximately 70 percent of the product, with 5 percent from other cannabinoids and the remainder being terpenoids, flavonoids, sterols, alkanes, and other chemicals [15].…”
Section: Semi-synthetic Formsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Cannabis or medical marijuana is related to the use of cannabis and isolated cannabinoids to cure diseases and relieve pain [28]. In addition, cannabis and its compounds are used to treat chronic pain.…”
Section: Cannabis and Cannabinoids As Analgesicmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Though currently limited worldwide production is limited to 65 thousand hectares, cultivation of Cannabis sativa for fiber plus hempseed purposes combined grew by 38% between 2010 and 2012 [2]. There is growing interest in medicinal uses of non-psychoactive hemp extracts like cannabidiol (CBD) to reduce pain [3], severity of epileptic seizures [4,5], and anxiety [6]. These medicinal prescriptive uses in conjunction the expansion of indoor Cannabis propagation for psychoactive THC properties have stimulated the expansion of large indoor grow operations in several markets.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%