Medical management of neurocysticercosis

Takayanagui, Osvaldo Massaiti; Odashima, Newton Satoru; Bonato, Pierina Sueli; Lima, José Eduardo; Lanchote, Vera Lúcia

doi:10.1517/14656566.2011.634801

Cited by 21 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…A pilot study for such an integrated control strategy for schistosomiasis has been undertaken in China using a multi-pronged approach, including health education, access to clean water and adequate sanitation, mechanisation of agriculture, and fencing of water buffaloes, along with chemotherapy [56]–[58]. In the case of cestode infections, and despite the proven benefit of chemotherapy with praziquantel and possibly albendazole for patients with parenchymal NCC [59], [60], there is a need for improved drugs and/or studies with drug combination regimens and dosages to evaluate their efficacy [61].…”

Section: Advances Opportunities and Challenges For The Control And mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Research Agenda for Helminth Diseases of Humans: The Problem of Helminthiases

et al. 2012

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A disproportionate burden of helminthiases in human populations occurs in marginalised, low-income, and resource-constrained regions of the world, with over 1 billion people in developing areas of sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, and the Americas infected with one or more helminth species. The morbidity caused by such infections imposes a substantial burden of disease, contributing to a vicious circle of infection, poverty, decreased productivity, and inadequate socioeconomic development. Furthermore, helminth infection accentuates the morbidity of malaria and HIV/AIDS, and impairs vaccine efficacy. Polyparasitism is the norm in these populations, and infections tend to be persistent. Hence, there is a great need to reduce morbidity caused by helminth infections. However, major deficiencies exist in diagnostics and interventions, including vector control, drugs, and vaccines. Overcoming these deficiencies is hampered by major gaps in knowledge of helminth biology and transmission dynamics, platforms from which to help develop such tools. The Disease Reference Group on Helminths Infections (DRG4), established in 2009 by the Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), was given the mandate to review helminthiases research and identify research priorities and gaps. In this review, we provide an overview of the forces driving the persistence of helminthiases as a public health problem despite the many control initiatives that have been put in place; identify the main obstacles that impede progress towards their control and elimination; and discuss recent advances, opportunities, and challenges for the understanding of the biology, epidemiology, and control of these infections. The helminth infections that will be discussed include: onchocerciasis, lymphatic filariasis, soil-transmitted helminthiases, schistosomiasis, food-borne trematodiases, and taeniasis/cysticercosis.

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Section: Advances Opportunities and Challenges For The Control And mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Research Agenda for Helminth Diseases of Humans: The Problem of Helminthiases

et al. 2012

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“…Alternatively, a 15-day treatment with a daily dose of 50 mg/kg praziquantel in 3 divided doses was also effective for treatment of parenchymal brain cysticercosis [55]. However, several studies have reported better results with replacement of praziquantel with albendazole (7-day course) or a combination of albendazole and praziquantel for treatment of subarachnoid and ventricular cysticercosis [56, 57]. In the treatment of cerebral cysticercosis, administration of corticosteroids such as dexamethasone should accompany the anthelmintic treatment in order to reduce adverse reactions such as headache, vomiting, and neurological symptoms which can occur due to elevated incracranial pressure resulting from inflammatory reactions against antigens liberated from dying cysticerci worms [2].…”

Section: Recommended Dose and Efficacymentioning

confidence: 99%

Praziquantel Treatment in Trematode and Cestode Infections: An Update

2013

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Status and emerging issues in the use of praziquantel for treatment of human trematode and cestode infections are briefly reviewed. Since praziquantel was first introduced as a broadspectrum anthelmintic in 1975, innumerable articles describing its successful use in the treatment of the majority of human-infecting trematodes and cestodes have been published. The target trematode and cestode diseases include schistosomiasis, clonorchiasis and opisthorchiasis, paragonimiasis, heterophyidiasis, echinostomiasis, fasciolopsiasis, neodiplostomiasis, gymnophalloidiasis, taeniases, diphyllobothriasis, hymenolepiasis, and cysticercosis. However, Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica infections are refractory to praziquantel, for which triclabendazole, an alternative drug, is necessary. In addition, larval cestode infections, particularly hydatid disease and sparganosis, are not successfully treated by praziquantel. The precise mechanism of action of praziquantel is still poorly understood. There are also emerging problems with praziquantel treatment, which include the appearance of drug resistance in the treatment of Schistosoma mansoni and possibly Schistosoma japonicum, along with allergic or hypersensitivity reactions against praziquantel treatment. To cope with and overcome these problems, combined use of drugs, i.e., praziquantel and other newly introduced compounds such as triclabendazole, artemisinins, and tribendimidine, is being tried.

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“…Treatment : Albendazole and praziquantel are the mainstay drugs for treatment of NCC, especially for meningeal infection and steroids should be administered to reduce oedema as a result of medical treatment58.…”

Section: Diseases Due To Tissue Parasites In Hiv/aids Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasitic infections in HIV infected individuals: Diagnostic & therapeutic challenges

Nissapatorn¹,

Sawangjaroen²

2011

Indian J Med Res

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After 30 years of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic, parasites have been one of the most common opportunistic infections (OIs) and one of the most frequent causes of morbidity and mortality associated with HIV-infected patients. Due to severe immunosuppression, enteric parasitic pathogens in general are emerging and are OIs capable of causing diarrhoeal disease associated with HIV. Of these, Cryptosporidium parvum and Isospora belli are the two most common intestinal protozoan parasites and pose a public health problem in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. These are the only two enteric protozoan parasites that remain in the case definition of AIDS till today. Leismaniasis, strongyloidiasis and toxoplasmosis are the three main opportunistic causes of systemic involvements reported in HIV-infected patients. Of these, toxoplasmosis is the most important parasitic infection associated with the central nervous system. Due to its complexity in nature, toxoplasmosis is the only parasitic disease capable of not only causing focal but also disseminated forms and it has been included in AIDS-defining illnesses (ADI) ever since. With the introduction of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART), cryptosporidiosis, leishmaniasis, schistosomiasis, strongyloidiasis, and toxoplasmosis are among parasitic diseases reported in association with immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). This review addresses various aspects of parasitic infections in term of clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic challenges associated with HIV-infection.

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Medical management of neurocysticercosis

Cited by 21 publications

References 92 publications

A Research Agenda for Helminth Diseases of Humans: The Problem of Helminthiases

A Research Agenda for Helminth Diseases of Humans: The Problem of Helminthiases

Praziquantel Treatment in Trematode and Cestode Infections: An Update

Parasitic infections in HIV infected individuals: Diagnostic & therapeutic challenges

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