Praziquantel Treatment in Trematode and Cestode Infections: An Update

Chai, Jong-Yil

doi:10.3947/ic.2013.45.1.32

Cited by 209 publications

(143 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Different studies showed failure of human treatment against fascioliosis with praziquantel (Farag et al, 1986;Farid et al, 1989;Chai, 2013). Such failure may be related to the resistant properties of the F. hepatica tegument.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing an in vivo egg reduction test and in vitro egg hatching assay for different anthelmintics against Fasciola species, in cattle

Arafa

Shokeir²,

Khateib³

2015

Veterinary Parasitology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing an in vivo egg reduction test and in vitro egg hatching assay for different anthelmintics against Fasciola species, in cattle

Arafa

Shokeir²,

Khateib³

2015

Veterinary Parasitology

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“…Low drug concentration or, in other words, sublethal PZQ concentration is a hypothesized cause of schistosomal resistance to drug treatment (9). Another considerable concern is that complete dependence on PZQ as the sole drug for treating schistosomiasis may favor the prospects of emerging resistance to the drug (10).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Praziquantel in a Clay Nanoformulation Shows More Bioavailability and Higher Efficacy against Murine Schistosoma mansoni Infection

El-Feky

Mohamed

Nasr

et al. 2015

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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c Consideration of existing compounds always simplifies and shortens the long and difficult process of discovering new drugs specifically for diseases of developing countries, an approach that may add to the significant potential cost savings. This study focused on improving the biological characteristics of the already-existing antischistosomal praziquantel (PZQ) by incorporating it into montmorillonite (MMT) clay as a delivery carrier to overcome its known bioavailability drawbacks. The oral bioavailability of a PZQ-MMT clay nanoformulation and its in vivo efficacy against Schistosoma mansoni were investigated. The PZQ-MMT clay nanoformulation provided a preparation with a controlled release rate, a decrease in crystallinity, and an appreciable reduction in particle size. Uninfected and infected mice treated with PZQ-MMT clay showed 3.61-and 1.96-fold and 2.16-and 1.94-fold increases, respectively, in area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 8 h (AUC 0 -8 ) and maximum concentration of drug in serum (C max ), with a decrease in elimination rate constant (k el ) by 2.84-and 1.35-fold and increases in the absorption rate constant (k a ) and half-life (t 1/2e ) by 2.11-and 1.51-fold and 2.86-and 1.34-fold, respectively, versus the corresponding conventional PZQ-treated groups. This improved bioavailability has been expressed in higher efficacy of the drug, where the dose necessary to kill 50% of the worms was reduced by >3-fold (PZQ 50% effective dose [ED 50 ] was 20.25 mg/kg of body weight for PZQ-MMT clay compared to 74.07 mg/kg for conventional PZQ), with significant reduction in total tissue egg load and increase in total immature, mature, and dead eggs in most of the drug-treated groups. This formulation showed better bioavailability, enhanced antischistosomal efficacy, and a safer profile despite the longer period of residence in the systemic circulation. Although the conventional drug's toxicity was not examined, animal mortality rates were not different between groups receiving the test PZQ-clay nanoformulation and conventional PZQ. Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease caused by blood flukes of the genus Schistosoma and is a serious public health problem in almost 70 countries of the tropics and subtropics without potable water and with poor sanitary conditions. It is estimated that at least 230 million people need treatment against schistosomiasis per year (1). Since an effective vaccine against schistosomiasis is lacking, the emphasis today is placed on the drug praziquantel (PZQ) (2). The low cost has made presumptive treatment on the basis of early clinical symptoms, or even universal treatment, costeffective in many situations (3).Although PZQ has proved to be especially useful in the treatment of schistosomiasis, it sometimes fails to give complete cures in treated populations. The failure of mass treatment to control schistosomiasis has been attributed to the fact that therapy is not sufficiently long-lasting (4). This effect can occur because of the low bioavailability of praziquantel d...

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“…PZQ is a broad-spectrum, highly efficacious, and safe anthelmintic against trematode and cestode infections in humans and animals, respectively (Chai, 2013). Emerging problems include the appearance of PZQ-resistant strains or isolates in S. mansoni and S. japonicum in the laboratory (Liang et al, 2002(Liang et al, , 2010 or in the field (Wang et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a method for induction of praziquantel resistance inSchistosoma mansoni

Lotfy

Hishmat

Nashar

et al. 2015

Pharmaceutical Biology

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Context: Praziquantel (PZQ) is a highly efficacious anthelmintic against many flatworms including schistosomes. PZQ has been in use for more than 25 years, and concern is increasing that resistance has emerged in human schistosomes in Egypt and other endemic countries. Objective: The current study was designed to evaluate a recently described method for induction of PZQ resistance in Schistosoma mansoni. Materials and methods: Successive subcurative drug treatments of Biomphalaria alexandrina snails infected with an Egyptian strain of S. mansoni were undertaken. Cercariae shed from snails exposed and unexposed to PZQ were used to infect mice. Forty-five days after infection, mice were treated with a single oral dose of PZQ in 2% aqueous solution of Cremophor-EL Õ . The concentration of PZQ was 0, 200, 400, or 800 mg/kg. Thirty-three days after treatment, all groups of mice were dissected to collect the S. mansoni worms by the perfusion technique. In addition, the oogram pattern was examined to study the production, maturity, and death of S. mansoni eggs in the different groups of mice. Results: The present study has shown that the sublethal dose for induction of PZQ resistance in the intra-molluscan S. mansoni stages was 500 mg/kg. The worm count and the percentage of immature eggs in different groups of mice were significantly affected by the intra-molluscan exposure to PZQ and the drug concentration used to treat infected mice. Discussion and conclusion: The results obtained herein confirm the possibility of using successive drug treatments of infected B. alexandrina to induce PZO resistance in S. mansoni.

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Praziquantel Treatment in Trematode and Cestode Infections: An Update

Cited by 209 publications

References 69 publications

Comparing an in vivo egg reduction test and in vitro egg hatching assay for different anthelmintics against Fasciola species, in cattle

Comparing an in vivo egg reduction test and in vitro egg hatching assay for different anthelmintics against Fasciola species, in cattle

Praziquantel in a Clay Nanoformulation Shows More Bioavailability and Higher Efficacy against Murine Schistosoma mansoni Infection

Evaluation of a method for induction of praziquantel resistance inSchistosoma mansoni

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