Medial and orbital frontal cortex in decision-making and flexible behavior

Klein-Flügge, Miriam C.; Bongioanni, Alessandro; Rushworth, Matthew F. S.

doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2022.05.022

Cited by 101 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 243 publications

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“…This means that these activity patterns were robust and the common clusters across four experiments were in the rostral gyrus (Supplemental Figure 10). These results stand in contrast with the general perspective in the field of value-based decision-making that the vmPFC positively encodes predicted reward value, discounted by mental effort cost, or reward PE signals (Hauser et al, 2015; Klein-Flügge et al, 2022; Lopez-Gamundi et al ., 2021; Westbrook et al, 2019). In contrast, it is hypothesized that the OFC tracks current state for elaborating a model of the external world (Sharpe et al, 2019; Wilson et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Expected Costs of Mental Efforts are Updated When People Exert Effort, not by Prospective Information

Nagase

Westbrook

Onoda

et al. 2022

Preprint

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To understand human behaviour, it is crucial to reveal the mechanisms by which we learn and decide about effort costs and benefits in an uncertain world. Whereas the mechanisms for reward learning are well-understood, the mechanisms for effort cost learning, and especially mental effort, remain elusive. Initially, we hypothesized that cost learning follows temporal-difference learning such that brains update expected costs when informed about upcoming effort levels. However, fMRI data revealed neural correlates of a cost-prediction error of mental effort during task execution and not in response to an effort cue about upcoming effort demands. These results imply that expected costs are updated during actual effort exertion, implying that the adaptive learning of mental effort cost does not follow traditional temporal-difference learning. This study contributes to the understanding of the neural mechanism underlying unwillingness to work, suggesting that humans learn mental effort costs only when they experience effort exertion.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Expected Costs of Mental Efforts are Updated When People Exert Effort, not by Prospective Information

Nagase

Westbrook

Onoda

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…Conversely, olfactory cortex had the most cue neurons (especially non-value coding cue neurons), emphasizing its role in the initial steps of odor identification and processing (Mori and Sakano, 2021). PFC subregions balanced lick and cue coding, consistent with their proposed roles as association areas (Klein-Flügge et al, 2022;Miller and Cohen, 2001), but there was variability within PFC as well. In particular, ORB had a greater fraction of cue cells than any other subregions, consistent with its known dense inputs from the olfactory system (Ekstrand et al, 2001;Price, 1985;Price et al, 1991).…”

Section: Graded Cue and Lick Coding Across Regionsmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…Association of environmental stimuli with rewards and the subsequent orchestration of valueguided reward-seeking behavior are crucial functions of the nervous system linked to the prefrontal cortex (PFC) (Klein-Flügge et al, 2022; Miller and Cohen, 2001). PFC is heterogeneous, and many studies have noted that its subregions differ in both neural coding of (Hunt et al, 2018; Kennerley et al, 2009; Sul et al, 2010; Wang et al, 2020a) and functional impact on (Buckley et al, 2009; Dalley et al, 2004; Kesner and Churchwell, 2011; Rudebeck et al, 2008) valuebased reward seeking in primates and rodents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A stable, distributed code for cue value in mouse cortex during reward learning

Ottenheimer

Hjort

Bowen³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The ability to associate reward-predicting stimuli with adaptive behavior is frequently attributed to the prefrontal cortex, but the stimulus-specificity, spatial distribution, and stability of neural cue-reward associations are unresolved. We trained headfixed mice on an olfactory Pavlovian conditioning task and measured the coding properties of individual neurons across space (prefrontal, olfactory, and motor cortices) and time (multiple days). Neurons encoding cues and licks were most common in olfactory and motor cortex, respectively. By classifying cue-encoding neurons according to their responses to the six odor cues, we unexpectedly found value coding, including coding of trial-by-trial reward history, in all regions we sampled. We further found that prefrontal cue and lick codes were preserved across days. Our results demonstrate that individual prefrontal neurons stably encode components of cue-reward learning within a larger spatial gradient of coding properties.

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“…The ACC plays a central role in detecting the need for updating such behavioural rules, and implementing the updated rules [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][16][17][18][19] . While there is evidence for prediction error signalling in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in cognitive tasks across humans, monkeys and rodents 2,3,10,11,[20][21][22] , it is unclear how such cognitive prediction error circuits are organised, what local inhibitory circuitry underlies their function, and to what extent prediction error responses have any causal influence on the subsequent updating of the animal's behavioural strategy.…”

Section: Mainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction-error signals in anterior cingulate cortex drive task-switching

Cole

Harvey

Myers-Joseph

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Task-switching is a fundamental cognitive ability which requires animals to update their knowledge of current rules, allowing flexible behaviour in a changing environment1. This is often achieved through evaluating discrepancies between observed and expected events. The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) has a key role in processing such discrepancies, or prediction errors2–12. However, the neural circuit mechanisms underlying task-switching are largely unknown. Here we show that activity in the ACC induced by the absence of expected stimuli is necessary for rapid task-switching. Mice trained to perform a block-wise set-shifting task typically required a single experience of an expectation violation, or prediction error to accurately switch between responding to the same stimuli using distinct rules. Neurons in the ACC explicitly represented these prediction errors, and their activity was predictive of successful one-shot behavioural transitions. Prediction error signals were projection targetspecific, constrained in their spatio-temporal spread across cortex, and heavily disrupted by VIP interneuron perturbation. Optogenetic silencing and single-trial un-silencing revealed that the requirement of the ACC in task-switching was restricted to the epochs when neural prediction error signals were observed. These results reveal a dedicated circuitry promoting the transition between distinct cognitive states.

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Medial and orbital frontal cortex in decision-making and flexible behavior

Cited by 101 publications

References 243 publications

Expected Costs of Mental Efforts are Updated When People Exert Effort, not by Prospective Information

Expected Costs of Mental Efforts are Updated When People Exert Effort, not by Prospective Information

A stable, distributed code for cue value in mouse cortex during reward learning

Prediction-error signals in anterior cingulate cortex drive task-switching

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