Mechanochemical Palladium-Catalyzed Oxidative Esterification of Alcohols

Abstract

A mechanochemical palladium-catalyzed oxidative esterification of alcohols has been developed. The protocol allows a solvent-free synthesis of symmetric and unsymmetric esters from liquid and solid benzylic and aliphatic alcohols in up to excellent yields. Various green metrics for the developed protocol have been calculated and compared with those of solution-based protocols, highlighting the benefits of the mechanochemical approach.

Green metrics in mechanochemistry

“…The same team also published a palladium-catalyzed oxidative procedure for the esterification of alcohols by ball-milling. 150 The previous green protocols for this reaction generally used heterogeneous catalysis or microwave irradiation, [151][152][153] which required high temperature, high pressure, organic solvents, and excess alcohol.…”

Electromagnetic mill promoted mechanochemical palladium-catalyzed solid state cyanation of aryl bromides using non-toxic K4[Fe(CN)6]

“…Some elegant works on the construction of C-C, C-O, C-N bonds, etc. have been reported by Ito, [44][45][46][47][48][49][50] Bolm, [51][52][53][54][55][56] Wang, [57][58][59][60] Su, 61 Friščić [62][63][64] and other groups, [65][66][67][68] respectively. On the other hand, an electromagnetic mill (EMM) is a novel grinding device and uses small ferromagnetic particles as the grinding media in a rotating electromagnetic field.…”

Investigation of the electrocatalytic reaction for the oxidation of alcohols through the formation of a metal organic framework (Mn-MIL-100)/polymer matrix on the surface of an Au electrode

“…11 Oxidation of alcohols, carbohydrates, or aldehyde derivatives can be performed with air in aqueous media, in the presence of palladium and platinum catalysts under optimal conditions, and with high efficiency (20-80 1C and atmospheric pressure). [12][13][14][15][16] These reactions are very important processes as they produce valuable products and are also more environmentally friendly due to the replacement of mineral heterogeneous catalysts with organic oxidizing compounds. [17][18][19][20][21][22][23] One of the main problems with using palladium-containing heterogeneous catalysts is that the catalysts become inactive or contaminated after chemical reactions.…”

“…Oxidation of alcohols, carbohydrates, or aldehyde derivatives can be performed with air in aqueous media, in the presence of palladium and platinum catalysts under optimal conditions, and with high efficiency (20–80 °C and atmospheric pressure). 12–16…”