Green metrics in mechanochemistry

Abstract

The quantitative assessment of the greenness of mechanochemical processes for green metrics were calculated is herein reported. A general introduction to the topic, variables influencing the reaction outcome and, an outlook are also provided.

Towards sustainable synthesis: a life cycle assessment of polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIM-1) by green mechanosynthesis

“…In general, there are several metrics in green chemistry that could be utilized to quantitatively evaluate the environmental impacts, including atom economy, environmental factor, process mass intensity. 22 The evaluation of these metrics could potentially promote the development of green technologies in laboratories and industries. Moreover, there are also generic assessments such as Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) 23,24 or DOZN 2.0 (ref.…”

Mechanoredox Enabled the Difunctionalization of Unactivated Alkenes via Distal Functional Group Migration

“…The green chemistry metrics of this mechanoredox method as well as other reported photocatalytic , and electrocatalytic methods were calculated according to reported methods (Scheme ). , Almost all metrics of this method ranked upstream, except atom efficiency (AEF), reaction mass efficiency (RME), and optimum efficiency (OE). Due to the recyclable BaTiO 3 , minimum solvents, and air condition, the values of mass productivity (MP), effective mass yield (EMY), atom economy (AE), atom efficiency (AEF), reaction mass efficiency (RME), and optimum efficiency (OE) were related higher.…”

Tinkering with Mechanochemical Tools for Scale Up

“…While petrochemicals and commodity chemicals are not expected to benefit from mechanochemistry given their simple molecular structures, physical form, and dedicated plants to produce them in large tonnage, higher value‐added fine and speciality chemicals produced at much lower volumes could greatly benefit from improved green metrics associated with mechanochemical processes (Figure 7). [49] …”

“…More recently, the synthesis of nitrofurantoin, an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), [45, 46] has been studied using both batch and continuous mechanochemistry processes (0.3 kg per day) [47, 48] . The life cycle assessment (LCA) displayed better sustainability metrics [49] compared to solution‐based alternatives [50] . Besides the expected reduction in PMI, waste generation and operating cost observed in a cradle‐to‐gate study for the mechanochemical process, exceptional environmental impact scores were also reported (Figure 5).…”