Mechanobiology of Fracture Healing: Basic Principles and Applications in Orthodontics and Orthopaedics

Boccaccio, Antonio; Pappalettere, Carmine

doi:10.5772/19420

Cited by 26 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 77 publications

(73 reference statements)

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“…The development of cartilage in this region can thus be explained by the influence of biophysical stimuli. Strain induces the development of fibers (and subsequently bone) whereas compression induces the formation of cartilage (Pauwels, 1960;Weinans and Prendergast, 1996;Boccaccio and Pappalettere, 2011). With functional intervertebral spaces and non-mineralized (soft) vertebral body endplates, compressive load from the vertebral body joints was likely transmitted to the non-mineralized spongy bone.…”

Section: Discussion the Primary Bone Pathology Of Dietary P Deficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Bone without minerals and its secondary mineralization in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): the recovery from phosphorus deficiency

Witten

Fjelldal

Huysseune

et al. 2018

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Calcium and phosphorus (P) are the main bone minerals, and P deficiency can cause hypomineralized bones (osteomalacia) and malformations. This study used a P-deficient salmon model to falsify three hypotheses. First, an extended period of dietary P deficiency does not cause pathologies other than osteomalacia. Second, secondary mineralization of non-mineralized bone is possible. Third, secondary mineralization can restore the bones' mineral composition and mechanical properties. For 7 weeks, post-smolt Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) received diets with regular P content (RP) or with a 50% lowered P content (LP). For additional 9 weeks, RP animals continued on the regular diet (RP-RP). LP animals continued on the LP diet (LP-LP), on a regular P diet (LP-RP) or on a high P diet (LP-HP). After 16 weeks, animals in all groups maintained a non-deformed vertebral column. LP-LP animals continued bone formation albeit without mineralization. Nine weeks of RP diet largely restored the mineral content and mechanical properties of vertebral bodies. Mineralization resumed deep inside the bone and away from osteoblasts. The history of P deficiency was traceable in LP-RP and LP-HP animals as a ring of low-mineralized bone in the vertebral body endplates, but no tissue alterations occurred that foreshadow vertebral body compression or fusion. Large quantities of nonmineralized salmon bone have the capacity to re-mineralize. If 16 weeks of P deficiency as a single factor is not causal for typical vertebral body malformations, other factors remain to be identified. This example of functional bone without minerals may explain why some teleost species can afford to have an extremely low mineralized skeleton.

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Section: Discussion the Primary Bone Pathology Of Dietary P Deficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Bone without minerals and its secondary mineralization in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): the recovery from phosphorus deficiency

Witten

Fjelldal

Huysseune

et al. 2018

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…Combined with a poroelastic FE model that predicts the strain values and fl uid fl ow acting on the differentiating cells, this mechanobiological model has successfully predicted the patterns of tissue differentiation observed experimentally around implants . Furthermore, by using a diffusion equation that describes the spreading of the cells through a fracture callus, the model has successfully simulated the time-course of fracture healing in long and irregular (Boccaccio et al , 2007(Boccaccio et al , , 2008a(Boccaccio et al , , 2008b(Boccaccio et al , , 2011a(Boccaccio et al , , 2012Boccaccio and Pappalettere, 2011) bones. In particular, assuming c to be the concentration of the mesenchymal stem cells in a given volume, D the diffusion coeffi cient and t the time variable, the spreading of cells throughout the bone callus can be described by a simple diffusion equation: (2005) to simulate the process of repair of osteochondral defects.…”

Section: Fundamentals Of Computational Mechanobiologymentioning

confidence: 98%

Finite element modelling of bone tissue scaffolds

Boccaccio

Messina

Pappalettere

et al. 2014

Computational Modelling of Biomechanics and Biotribology in the Musculoskeletal System

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“…They modelled bone healing as a response to a defined mechanical stimulus, Ψ(x,t), supposed to represent the deviatoric strain tensor's second invariant. Ambard and Swider 57 developed a predictive mechanobiological formulation through a multiphasic 34 of mechanoregulatory tissue differentiation algorithm of Prendergast et al 27 porous model focussing primarily on bone formation by osteoblastic differentiation. However, this model did not consider the initial inflammatory phase of the callus and the proliferation and differentiation of the precursor cells.…”

Section: Few Other Mechanoregulatory Models Not Used Frequentlymentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of finite element analysis to tissue differentiation and bone remodelling approaches and their use in design optimization of orthopaedic implants: A review

Ghosh

Chanda

Chakraborty

2022

Numer Methods Biomed Eng

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Post-operative bone growth and long-term bone adaptation around the orthopaedic implants are simulated using the mechanoregulation based tissuedifferentiation and adaptive bone remodelling algorithms, respectively. The primary objective of these algorithms was to assess biomechanical feasibility and reliability of orthopaedic implants. This article aims to offer a comprehensive review of the developments in mathematical models of tissuedifferentiation and bone adaptation and their applications in studies involving design optimization of orthopaedic implants over three decades. Despite the different mechanoregulatory models developed, existing literature confirm that none of the models can be highly regarded or completely disregarded over each other. Not much development in mathematical formulations has been observed from the current state of knowledge due to the lack of in vivo studies involving clinically relevant animal models, which further retarded the development of such models to use in translational research at a fast pace. Future investigations involving artificial intelligence (AI), soft-computing techniques and combined tissue-differentiation and bone-adaptation studies involving animal subjects for model verification are needed to formulate more sophisticated mathematical models to enhance the accuracy of pre-clinical testing of orthopaedic implants.

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Mechanobiology of Fracture Healing: Basic Principles and Applications in Orthodontics and Orthopaedics

Cited by 26 publications

References 77 publications

Bone without minerals and its secondary mineralization in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): the recovery from phosphorus deficiency

Bone without minerals and its secondary mineralization in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): the recovery from phosphorus deficiency

Finite element modelling of bone tissue scaffolds

Application of finite element analysis to tissue differentiation and bone remodelling approaches and their use in design optimization of orthopaedic implants: A review

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