“…Notwithstanding, several nanocellulose antimicrobial materials suitable for water treatment have been synthesized by (i) surface modification with polymers having antimicrobial properties, e.g., quaternary ammonium compounds, ,− or (ii) complexation with nanomaterials having antimicrobial properties including zeolites, graphene oxide, organic agents, and metal/metal oxide nanoparticles, e.g., Ag, , ZnO, and TiO 2 . In this latter approach, nanocelluloses may act as nanoparticle nucleation sites to decrease nanoparticle agglomeration, thereby increasing sorptive surface areas and antimicrobial action, or they may act as reductants . Taking advantage of the reductive properties of TEMPO-oxidized CNF, Zhang et al prepared Ag-doped nanofibers by hydrothermal synthesis .…”