Mechanisms underlying the slant aftereffect

Balch, William R.; Milewski, Allen E.; Yonas, Albert

doi:10.3758/bf03198741

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Our conclusions support the evidence that stereo-depth and stereo-slant adaptation occur mainly at the perception level (Balch et al, 1977;Duke & Wilcox, 2003). Our results seem to be in contradiction with the results of Berends and Erkelens (2001), who concluded that adaptation to disparity signals can occur with perceptual metamers.…”

Section: Present Results and Existing Researchcontrasting

confidence: 78%

“…Stereoscopic after-effects have further been attributed to down weighting or even suppression of the disparity cue due to conflicts between disparity and the monocular cues (Burian, 1943;Burian & Ogle, 1945;Miles, 1948). Finally, stereoscopic after-effects may result from perceived depth biases (Balch, Milewski, & Yonas, 1977;Duke & Wilcox, 2003). Thus, adaptation may occur at all stages of stereodepth processing from the encoding of binocular disparity to the final depth percept.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Balch et al (1977) found cross-cue after-effects that transferred from monocular to binocular slant cues. This indicates that the after-effect is at least partly caused by a general depth mechanism and not by the specific slant cues that generate the slant percept.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Stereo-slant adaptation is high level and does not involve disparity coding

2005

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We have investigated the potential stages of visual processing at which adaptation may occur to a slanted surface produced by horizontal magnification. Predictions of three hypotheses were tested utilizing a property of depth from binocular disparity, namely that slant scales with distance. If adaptation occurs at the disparity level, then the after-effect expressed in units of horizontal magnification will be independent of the test distance. If adaptation occurs at either a perceived slant or mapping level, then the after-effect, expressed in units of slant, will be independent of the test distance. If adaptation is contingent on distance, then the after-effect will not transfer over distance. Subjects adapted to a stereo-defined slanted surface at a distance of 57 cm. The after-effect was measured with a test stimulus at a distance of 28, 57, 85, or 114 cm by means of a nulling method. When the after-effect was expressed in units of slant, we found that it was larger at the adapting distance than other test distances, and that the after-effect was constant at test distances different from the adaptation distance. These results suggest that two types of adaptation occurred, namely adaptation on a mapping/perception level and adaptation contingent on distance.

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Section: Present Results and Existing Researchcontrasting

confidence: 78%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Stereo-slant adaptation is high level and does not involve disparity coding

2005

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“…Frisby, 1979;De Valois & De Valois, 1988;Spillman & Warner, 1990;Wandell, 1995). Under these several assumptions, Coltheart (1971), Balch et al (1977), and Poom and Bö rjesson (1999) attributed SAE to neural units selectively sensitive to slant, namely slant detectors. In their interpretation, the slant detectors were assumed to change their response characteristics as a result of prolonged exposure to a slanted surface, and this modification in response characteristics was supposed to be the basis of SAE.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Second, during an observation of a surface, the impression of slant can change even if the impression of tilt is maintained (Bergman & Gibson, 1959;Smith, 1965). Third, prolonged observation of a surface orientation can induce the aftereffect of slant (Kö hler & Emery, 1947;Bergman & Gibson, 1959;Wenderoth, Rodger & Curthoys, 1968;Wenderoth, 1970;Balch, Milewski & Yonas, 1977;Poom & Bö rjesson, 1999). Bergman and Gibson (1959) studied an aftereffect specific to surface slant (slant aftereffect, SAE) under the following procedure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tilt dependency of slant aftereffect

2000

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Slant aftereffect (SAE), the negative aftereffect of slant induced after prolonged observation of a surface, is considered as evidence that slant is encoded in the visual system. Because slant and tilt are mathematically independent dimensions, Stevens (Stevens, K. A. (1983a). Biological Cybernetics, 46, 183-195) assumed that slant and tilt are processed independently in the visual system. To confirm this assumption, we investigated whether SAE is induced independently of the difference in tilt between the adapting and test stimuli. The stimuli were displayed by simulating the motion disparity of rotating disks. After adaptation to a surface of 60 degrees slant, the subjective 0 degree slants of the test stimulus were measured with the tilt differences of 0, 45, 90, 135 and 180 degrees. The magnitude of SAE was greatest when the tilt difference was zero, and decreased with increasing tilt difference. The results suggest that slant and tilt are not processed independently in the visual system and that the slant detector in the visual system is sensitive not only to slant but also to tilt.

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Slant-tilt: The visual encoding of surface orientation

Stevens

1983

Biol. Cybern.

125

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A specific form for the internal representation of local surface orientation is proposed, which is similar to Gibson's (1950) "amount and direction of slant". Slant amount is usually quantified by the angle sigma between the surface normal and the line of sight (0 degrees less than or equal to sigma less than or equal to 90 degrees). Slant direction corresponds to the direction of the gradient of distance from the viewer to the surface, and may be defined by the image direction tau to which the surface normal would project (0 degrees less than or equal to tau less than or equal to 360 degrees). Since the direction of slant is specified by the tilt of the projected surface normal, it is referred to as surface tilt (Stevens, 1979; Marr, 1982). The two degrees of freedom of orientation are therefore quantified by slant, an angle measured perpendicular to the image plane, and tilt, an angle measured in the image plane. The slant-tilt form provides several computational advantages relative to some other proposals and is consistent with various psychological phenomena. Slant might be encoded by various means, e.g. by the cosine of the angle, by the tangent, or linearly by the angle itself. Experimental results are reported that suggest that slant is encoded by an internal parameter that varies linearly with slant angle, with resolution of roughly one part in 100. Thus we propose that surface orientation is encoded in human vision by two quantities, one varying linearly with slant angle, the other varying linearly with tilt angle.

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Mechanisms underlying the slant aftereffect

Cited by 13 publications

References 9 publications

Stereo-slant adaptation is high level and does not involve disparity coding

Stereo-slant adaptation is high level and does not involve disparity coding

Tilt dependency of slant aftereffect

Slant-tilt: The visual encoding of surface orientation

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