Mechanisms That Result in Large Herbivore Grazing Distribution Patterns

Bailey, Derek W.; Gross, John E.; Laca, Emilio A.; Rittenhouse, L.R.; Coughenour, Michael B.; Swift, David M.; Sims, Phillip L.

doi:10.2307/4002919

Cited by 781 publications

(710 citation statements)

References 62 publications

(91 reference statements)

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“…O aumento de 0,316kg de matéria seca na massa de forragem fez com que as novilhas aumentassem 0,316 passo por minuto, a partir da massa de forragem de 1306,21kg ha -1 de MS, quando mantido constante o teor de fibra em detergente neutro. Conforme Bailey et al (1996) Figura 1. Número de estações alimentares por minuto (A), tempo por estação alimentar (B), número de passos entre estação alimentar (C) e número de passos por minuto (D) de bezerras de corte em pastagem exclusiva de azevém (azevém), que receberam grão de milho como suplemento (milho) e produto comercial extrusado como gordura (gordura).…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Padrões de deslocamento de bezerras de corte que receberam suplementos isolipídicos em pastagem de azevém

Sichonany

Rocha

Pötter

et al. 2014

Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.

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RESUMOForam avaliados o uso de estações alimentares, o deslocamento e a taxa de bocado de bezerras de corte que foram mantidas exclusivamente em pastagem de azevém (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) ou receberam suplementos (grão de milho ou gordura). O método de pastejo foi contínuo, com número variável de animais. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente ao acaso, com medidas repetidas no tempo. O número de bocados realizados por estação alimentar é similar quando as bezerras recebem suplemento ou não. As equações de predição mostram que a massa de lâminas foliares exerce maior influência no tempo por estação alimentar quando as bezerras permanecem exclusivamente em pastejo de azevém ou recebem grão de milho como suplemento, enquanto para bezerras que recebem gordura, essa variável é influenciada pela oferta de forragem. O deslocamento (passos entre estações e passos por minuto) de bezerras exclusivamente em pastejo e que recebem grão de milho é influenciado pela estrutura e qualidade do pasto. A taxa de bocado dos animais suplementados com grão de milho e gordura é influenciada pela proporção de lâminas foliares no dossel. Equações de regressão múltipla, considerandose os atributos do pasto e da pastagem, podem ser utilizadas como modelos preditores do uso de estações alimentares, deslocamento e taxa de bocado de bezerras de corte.Palavras-chave: estações alimentares, grão de milho, gordura, Lolium multiflorum ABSTRACT

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Section: Resultsunclassified

Padrões de deslocamento de bezerras de corte que receberam suplementos isolipídicos em pastagem de azevém

Sichonany

Rocha

Pötter

et al. 2014

Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.

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“…Our results and those reported by Cibils et al (2004) add new insights into these currently upheld principles about the relationship between flavour avoidance and location avoidance learning that deserve further investigation. Cattle possibly 'rate' (sensu Bailey et al, 1996) new sites with novel toxic foods (i.e. novel site/novel food) more negatively than sites that are familiar and contain familiar foods (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social models fail to induce diet and feeding site avoidance in naïve yearling steers

Cibils

Howery

Ruyle

2008

Animal

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Social learning can be of critical importance to cattle grazing rangeland environments with high variability of food resources across space and time. Experienced individuals can greatly facilitate foraging decisions (what to eat and where to eat) of naïve peers in such settings. We conducted an experiment with cattle to investigate strength and persistence of socially induced food and feeding site avoidance behaviours. Sixteen naïve yearling steers were paired with 16 social models that had either not been trained (control) or been trained with an emetic (LiCl), electrical shock or both to avoid: (a) an unsafe high-quality food (LiCl); (b) an unsafe high-quality feeding site (shock); or (c) both the unsafe high-quality food and the unsafe high-quality feeding site (LiCl 1 shock). Ten-minute trials were conducted in an experimental arena containing three artificial feeding sites each consisting of groups of bowls with either high-(HQ) or moderate-quality (MQ) foods (HQ 5 barley and oat grain; MQ 5 Bermuda grass hay). Unsafe high-quality (UHQ, surrounded by traffic cones) and safe moderate-quality (SMQ) feeding sites consisted of nine rubber bowls containing either HQ or MQ foods. The safe high-quality (SHQ) feeding site consisted of two groups of eight bowls containing HQ food, which surrounded the UHQ and SMQ feeding sites. Social models did not induce diet and feeding site avoidance behaviours in naïve steers; they exerted small and transient changes in the feeding behaviour of their naïve counterparts. Consequences to the individual outweighed social influences; when naïve animals experienced the same punishment contingencies as their social models, their behavioural patterns closely resembled those of their social model. Conditioned food and location aversions via LiCl were apparently influenced by prior exposure to target foods and the experimental arena. Conversely, conditioned feeding site avoidance via shock was apparently not influenced by prior exposure to target foods or the experimental arena.

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“…Continuous and close monitoring of grazing pressure, coupled with the detection of impact indicators, acting as alarming signs, should be carried out. Examples of alarming signs at the pasture scale, within increased degradation risk areas such as watering points are: changes of plant functional types (Lavorel et al 1999), changes of time spent grazing (Bailey et al 1996), increases in bare ground cover and increases in animal trail densities (Walker and Heitschmidt 1986).…”

Section: Monitoring Grazing Pressure Using Wireless Sensor Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overgrazing in the Montado? The need for monitoring grazing pressure at paddock scale

2015

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Montados are presently facing the threat of either abandonment or intensification, and livestock overgrazing has been suspected of contributing to reduced natural regeneration and biodiversity. However, reliable data are to our knowledge, lacking. To avoid potential risks of overgrazing, an adaptive and efficient management is essential. In the present paper we review the main sources of complexity for grazing management linked with interactions among pasture, livestock and human decisions. We describe the overgrazing risk in montados and favour grazing pressure over stocking rate, as a key indicator for monitoring changes and support management decisions. We suggest the use of presently available imaging and communication technologies for assessing pasture dynamics and livestock spatial location. This simple and effective tools used for monitoring the grazing pressure, could provide an efficient day-to-day aid for farm managers' operational use and also for rangeland research through data collection and analysis.

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Mechanisms That Result in Large Herbivore Grazing Distribution Patterns

Cited by 781 publications

References 62 publications

Padrões de deslocamento de bezerras de corte que receberam suplementos isolipídicos em pastagem de azevém

Padrões de deslocamento de bezerras de corte que receberam suplementos isolipídicos em pastagem de azevém

Social models fail to induce diet and feeding site avoidance in naïve yearling steers

Overgrazing in the Montado? The need for monitoring grazing pressure at paddock scale

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