Mechanisms of hemolytic anemia during experimental methemoglobinemias

Abstract

A complex study of the peripheral erythron component was performed during methemoglobinemias induced by single administration of sodium nitrate and phenylhydrazine in LD50. Administration of methemoglobin-forming agents to rats induced the development of hemolytic anemia. The pathogenesis of this disorder included significant long-term modifications of the erythrocyte membrane. The severity and duration of anemia syndrome depended on chemical structure of xenobiotics, blood methemoglobin level, and the duration of the acute period of methemoglobinemia.

Effects of Polyphenol Compounds and Nitrogen Oxide Donors on Lipid Oxidation, Membrane-Skeletal Proteins, and Erythrocyte Structure under Hypoxia

“…First of all, the disturbance in the composition of phospholipids in the lipid bilayer of erythrocyte membranes may affect the membrane microviscosity. Apart from that the imbalance of the membrane-surface charges contributes to additional interactions between proteins and lipids, which ultimately modify the entire cell cytoskeleton [60, 61].…”

Kinetics and mechanism of hemoglobin oxidation by nitroethane

“…The chain radical mechanism of methemoglobin generation is proposed. The reaction of oxyhemoglobin with nitroethane is regarded as initiated autooxidation of oxyhemoglobin.Nitro compounds are traditionally treated as hemoglobin oxidizing agents [1][2][3][4][5]. The ability of methemoglobin production by aromatic nitro compounds, namely, nitrobenzene, dinitrobenzene [6], trinitrotoluene [7], picric acid [8], nitroanilines [9], tetryl [10], nitrobenzoic acids derivatives [11][12][13] have been thoroughly investigated.…”

“…Nitro compounds are traditionally treated as hemoglobin oxidizing agents [1][2][3][4][5]. The ability of methemoglobin production by aromatic nitro compounds, namely, nitrobenzene, dinitrobenzene [6], trinitrotoluene [7], picric acid [8], nitroanilines [9], tetryl [10], nitrobenzoic acids derivatives [11][12][13] have been thoroughly investigated.…”

“…Minding the probable nitroalkane denitration [reaction (1)], the process of methemoglobin production under the action of nitroethane should be rather close to hemoglobin oxidation by inorganic nitrites. A lot of research of the process of methemoglobin production under the action of nitrite ion proved its chain mechanism and showed that it was initiated by electron transfer from nitrite ion to the oxygenated form of hemoglobin [49-51, 56, 59, 65].…”

“…The nitrite ion generated according to reaction (1) further takes part in the oxyhemoglobin reduction accompanied by the production of nitrogen dioxide, possibly peroxynitrite ion, and active oxygen species. Because a plethora of reactive particles are generated in the reaction, the process of methemoglobin production may be rather intricate and a thorough systematic investigation is needed to elucidate its details.…”