Mechanisms of electrical conductivity in CNT/silicone composites designed for neural interfacing

Barshutina, M. N.; Kirichenko, Sergey O.; Wodolajski, V.A.; Musienko, Pavel

doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2018.10.090

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Silicones’ low modulus and elastomeric nature make them ideal candidates to interface with skin . To achieve the necessary electrical properties, silicones may be loaded with conductive fillers such as carbon black, graphene, and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). − Silicone-based CNT composites hold particular promise, , as the high aspect ratio of CNTs allows them to reach a theoretical percolation threshold at relatively lower loading levels. − However, CNTs suffer from strong van der Waals interactions, making their dispersion in polymer matrices difficult . Current techniques for improving their dispersion include mechanical separation, surface modification, polymer wrapping, and the addition of dispersive additives (DSPAs), such as surfactants (Figure ).…”

Section: Electrical Modificationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomedical Silicones: Leveraging Additive Strategies to Propel Modern Utility

Marmo

Grunlan

2023

ACS Macro Lett.

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Silicones have a long history of use in biomedical devices, with unique properties stemming from the siloxane (Si–O–Si) backbone that feature a high degree of flexibility and chemical stability. However, surface, rheological, mechanical, and electrical properties of silicones can limit their utility. Successful modification of silicones to address these limitations could lead to superior and new biomedical devices. Toward improving such properties, recent additive strategies have been leveraged to modify biomedical silicones and are highlighted herein.

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Section: Electrical Modificationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomedical Silicones: Leveraging Additive Strategies to Propel Modern Utility

Marmo

Grunlan

2023

ACS Macro Lett.

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“…The simplest and most affordable way to obtain electrically conductive polysiloxanes and materials based on them is the use of electrically conductive fillers (similar to the case of luminescent silicone materials). PDMS/CNT composites are well known due to their application as flexible and stretchable electrodes for optoelectronics, electronic skin devices, and wearable flexible devices, as well as neuronal implants [23,69,104]. PDMS/ Cu NWs have been suggested as flexible electrodes [30].…”

Section: Electrical Conductive Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nanocomposites based on silicone materials with various fillers, such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, and silver and copper nanowires (NWs), are used as flexible electrodes and wearable electronic devices [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. Silicone nanocomposites with various luminescent fillers can be employed as dielectric light-emitting layers in flexible electroluminescent devices [31][32][33] and OLEDs [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicone Materials for Flexible Optoelectronic Devices

et al. 2022

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Polysiloxanes and materials based on them (silicone materials) are of great interest in optoelectronics due to their high flexibility, good film-forming ability, and optical transparency. According to the literature, polysiloxanes are suggested to be very promising in the field of optoelectronics and could be employed in the composition of liquid crystal devices, computer memory drives organic light emitting diodes (OLED), and organic photovoltaic devices, including dye synthesized solar cells (DSSC). Polysiloxanes are also a promising material for novel optoectronic devices, such as LEDs based on arrays of III–V nanowires (NWs). In this review, we analyze the currently existing types of silicone materials and their main properties, which are used in optoelectronic device development.

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“…Silicone-based CNT composites have shown particular promise to prepare soft electrodes. , Silicone’s elastomeric nature and low modulus better mimic the properties of skin, affording comfort and use in high-movement areas (e.g., the wrist). Additionally, silicones are known for their high gas and water vapor permeability as well as their chemical stability, making them ideal for long-term use. , Dispersion of CNTs in silicones has been evaluated with the aforementioned techniques, − as well as with the use of surfactants. , Above the critical micelle concentration (CMC), the surfactants form self-assembled micellular structures that separate CNT aggregates via an excluded volume effect .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Silicone-based CNT composites have shown particular promise to prepare soft electrodes. 21,22 Silicone's elastomeric nature and low modulus better mimic the properties of skin, affording comfort and use in high-movement areas (e.g., the wrist). Additionally, silicones are known for their high gas and water vapor permeability as well as their chemical stability, making them ideal for long-term use.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amphiphilic Silicones for the Facile Dispersion of Carbon Nanotubes and Formation of Soft Skin Electrodes

Marmo

Lott

Pickett

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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Flexible, dry skin electrodes represent a potentially superior alternative to standard Ag/AgCl metal electrodes for wearable devices used in long-term monitoring. Herein, such electrodes were formed using a facile method for dispersing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in a silicone matrix using custom amphiphilic dispersive additives (DSPAs). Using only brief mixing and without the use of solvents or surface modification of CNTs, 12 poly(ethylene oxide)-silanes (PEO-SAs) of varying cross-linkability, architecture, siloxane tether length, and molar ratio of siloxane:PEO were combined with an addition cure silicone and CNTs. Nearly all PEO-SA-modified silicone−CNT composites demonstrated improved conductivity compared to the unmodified composite. The best conductivities correlated to composites prepared with PEO-SAs that formed micelles of particular sizes (d of ∼ 200−300 nm) and coincided to PEO-SAs with a siloxane:PEO molar ratio of ∼0.75−3.00. Superior dispersion of CNTs by such PEO-SAs was exemplified by scanning electron microscopy. Advantageously, modified composites retained their moduli, rather than becoming more rigid. Resultant electrodes fabricated with modified composites showed skin-electrode impedance comparable to that of Ag/AgCl electrodes. Combined, these results demonstrate the potential of silicone−CNT composites prepared with PEO-SA DSPAs as flexible, dry electrodes as a superior alternative to traditional electrodes.

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Mechanisms of electrical conductivity in CNT/silicone composites designed for neural interfacing

Cited by 10 publications

References 6 publications

Biomedical Silicones: Leveraging Additive Strategies to Propel Modern Utility

Biomedical Silicones: Leveraging Additive Strategies to Propel Modern Utility

Silicone Materials for Flexible Optoelectronic Devices

Amphiphilic Silicones for the Facile Dispersion of Carbon Nanotubes and Formation of Soft Skin Electrodes

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