Mechanisms of Coronary Artery Spasm

Nishimiya, Kensuke; Takahashi, Jun; Oyama, Kazuma; Matsumoto, Yasuharu; Yasuda, Satoshi; Shimokawa, Hiroaki

doi:10.15420/ecr.2022.55

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 116 publications

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“…Among them, both bFGF and PDGF-B contribute significantly to the migration of VSMCs in the development of ISR. The reason is that bFGF and PDGF-B are released by ECs, macrophages and VSMCs at the site of vascular injury, which often occurs during the stent placement [ 50 ]. Wang et al [ 51 ] demonstrated that bFGF activated the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) pathway and promoted the cell migration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition effect of copper-bearing metals on arterial neointimal hyperplasia via the AKT/Nrf2/ARE pathway in vitro and in vivo

Wang,

Xu,

et al. 2024

Regenerative Biomaterials

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In-stent restenosis can be caused by the activation, proliferation, and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), which affects long-term efficacy of interventional therapy. Copper (Cu) has been proved to accelerate the endothelialization and reduce the thrombosis formation, but few about its inhibition effect on the excessive proliferation of VSMCs. In this study, 316L-Cu stainless steel and L605-Cu cobalt-based alloy with varying Cu content, were fabricated and their effects on surface property, blood compatibility and VSMCs were studied in vitro and in vivo. CCK-8 assay and EdU assay indicated that the Cu-bearing metals had obvious inhibitory effect on proliferation of VSMCs. Blood clotting and hemolysis tests showed that the Cu-bearing metals had good blood compatibility. The inhibition effect of the Cu-bearing metals on migration of cells was detected by Transwell assay. Further studies showed that Cu-bearing metals significantly decreased the mRNA expressions of bFGF, PDGF-B, HGF, Nrf2, GCLC, GCLM, NQO1 and HO1. The phosphorylation of AKT and Nrf2 protein expressions in VSMCs were significantly decreased by Cu-bearing metals. Furthermore, it was also found that SC79 and TBHQ treatments could recover the protein expressions of phospho-AKT and Nrf2, and their downstream proteins as well. Moreover, 316L-Cu stent proved its inhibitory action on the proliferation of VSMCs in vivo. In sum, the results demonstrated that the Cu-bearing metals possessed apparent inhibitory effect on proliferation and migration of VSMCs via regulating the AKT/Nrf2/ARE pathway, showing the Cu-bearing metals as promising stent materials for long-term efficacy of implantation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition effect of copper-bearing metals on arterial neointimal hyperplasia via the AKT/Nrf2/ARE pathway in vitro and in vivo

Wang,

Xu,

et al. 2024

Regenerative Biomaterials

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“…The basic mechanism leading to myocardial ischemia is rupture of the atherosclerotic plaque in the coronary arteries and the resulting thrombosis [ 56 ]. Other mechanisms of myocardial ischemia resulting from coronary artery pathology include coronary artery spasm [ 57 ] or dissection [ 58 ], as well as coronary embolism [ 59 ]. Ischemic myocardial damage may also result from disproportions between oxygen supply and demand due to conditions such as bradyarrhythmia [ 60 ], tachyarrhythmia [ 61 ], poorly controlled hypertension resulting in left ventricular hypertrophy [ 62 ], respiratory failure [ 63 ], hypotension [ 64 ], shock (different types, both cardiogenic and non-cardiogenic) [ 65 , 66 , 67 ], or severe anemia [ 68 ].…”

Section: Cardiac Troponin Blood Level In Acute Cardiovascular Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiac Troponin Serum Concentration Measurement Is Useful Not Only in the Diagnosis of Acute Cardiovascular Events

Jakubiak

2024

JPM

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Cardiac troponin serum concentration is the primary marker used for the diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome. Moreover, the measurement of cardiac troponin concentration is important for risk stratification in patients with pulmonary embolism. The cardiac troponin level is also a general marker of myocardial damage, regardless of etiology. The purpose of this study is to conduct a literature review and present the most important information regarding the current state of knowledge on the cardiac troponin serum concentration in patients with chronic cardiovascular disease (CVD), as well as on the relationships between cardiac troponin serum concentration and features of subclinical cardiovascular dysfunction. According to research conducted to date, patients with CVDs, such as chronic coronary syndrome, chronic lower extremities’ ischemia, and cerebrovascular disease, are characterized by higher cardiac troponin concentrations than people without a CVD. Moreover, the literature data indicate that the concentration of cardiac troponin is correlated with markers of subclinical dysfunction of the cardiovascular system, such as the intima–media thickness, pulse wave velocity, ankle–brachial index, coronary artery calcium index (the Agatston score), and flow-mediated dilation. However, further research is needed in various patient subpopulations and in different clinical contexts.

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“…In this special focus issue, Nishimiya et al discuss the diverse mechanisms implicated in coronary artery spasm. 17 Ethnic variations have been suggested to play a role in coronary artery spasm in different populations. In this issue, Ong et al provide further insight into the importance of sex and ethnicity in the development of coronary artery spasm.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%