Mechanisms of Cerebrospinal Fluid Absorption in Normal and Pathologically Altered Arachnoid Villi

Butler, Ann B.; Dacey, Ralph G.; Maffeo, Charles J.; Mann, J. Douglas; Johnson, Richard F.; Bass, Norman H.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-9269-3_45

Cited by 18 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…Vesicular pits occur as micropinocytotic vesicles, tubular invaginations, and vacuoles in the endothelium of the eye and the brain out flow pathways. The exact role of the cellular mecha nisms for water movement are unknown, either at phys iological or at elevated pressure [1]. The microdomains of vesicular pits of capillary endothelium are contribut ed by the acidic groups on the cell surface.…”

Section: Functional Correlation Of Gags and The Outflow Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In both outflow pathways, controversy has centered on morphological evidence for an open system (e.g., pores) or a closed system [1][2][3][4] to explain the functional characteristics of the filtration barrier. The majority of evidence suggests that normal outflow pathways of the eye and the brain at physiological pressure are closed systems.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cerebrospinal outflow pathway consists of arachnoid (A), arach noid villi and collecting channels, veins, and dural sinuses. (Note: Arachnoid villi progressively enlarge in higher mammals to form arachnoid granulations [1] located in dural sinuses and in the superior sagittal sinus.) An arachnoid villus consists of a mushroom-like out pouching of arachnoid cells which forms interlacing lamellae and in terarachnoid spaces within the stalk or central cavity.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Glycosaminoglycans and Outflow Pathways of the Eye and Brain

Knepper

McLone²

1985

Pediatr Neurosurg

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The etiology of the majority of defects of the outflow pathways of aqueous humor (glaucoma) and cerebrospinal fluid absorption (hydrocephalus) is unknown. A considerable amount of evidence indicates that glycosaminoglycans have a role in regulating fluid movement through connective tissues such as the trabecular meshwork of the eye and the arachnoid of the brain. Both the eye and the brain outflow pathways have hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate within the filtration barrier. The physiological significance of glycosaminoglycans in the outflow pathways may be their ability to form highly viscous and elastic gel-like solutions that function as a selective biological gel filtration system, which maintains normal intraocular and intracranial pressure. We suggest that glycosaminoglycans may act to maintain the unidirectional character, low-flow fluid movement, and pressure gradient between the trabecular lamellae and the drainage channels of the eye and the brain. This review of the outflow pathways of the eye and the brain discusses the cell biology of glycosaminoglycans in regulating normal aqueous outflow and cerebrospinal fluid absorption.

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Section: Functional Correlation Of Gags and The Outflow Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Glycosaminoglycans and Outflow Pathways of the Eye and Brain

Knepper

McLone²

1985

Pediatr Neurosurg

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“…To avoid an increase in intraventricular pressure as was the case in previous reports (BUTLER et al, 1983;TRIPATHI, 1974), we performed a very slow infusion of the tracer under careful stereotactic control, allowing free drainage of the CSF through a hole. CSERR et al (1977) have suggested that the flow of cerebral interstitial fluid drains into the fenestrated vessels of the choroid plexus and other periventricular areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This view has been applied even to lower mammals (MANN et al, 1979), although the arachnoid granulations appear later than does the CSF, both ontogenetically and phylogenetically (OSAKA et al, 1980). This discrepancy has not yet been explained satisfactorily even though BUTLER et al (1983) recently showed some transcellular channels in the sinus endothelium covering "arachnoid villi within dural wall" in the rat. In a previous report, we showed electron microscopic evidence that sites of CSF absorption in rats and monkeys are those devoid of the blood-brain barrier, i.e., the circumventricular organs .…”

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confidence: 99%