Visualization of the cerebrospinal fluid drainage into the Galen's vein.

Hashimoto, Paulo H.; Gotow, Takahiro; Ichimura, Takao; Nakatani, Toshio; Takasu, Nobuo; Kodaka, Ryuhei; Sumitani, Satoru; Fukuda, Takahiro

doi:10.1679/aohc.48.173

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The pial leptomeninx with its short capillaries and postcapillary venules may represent a further region for CSF absorption (Andres, 1967b;Wright et al, 1971). As Hashimoto et al (1985) showed CSF may be additionally drained to the choroid venous vessels and via GalenЈs vein finally into the venous sinus.…”

Section: Regions Of Csf Production and Absorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nerve fibers innervating the cranial and spinal meninges: Morphology of nerve fiber terminals and their structural integration

Fricke

Andres

Düring

2001

Microscopy Res & Technique

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Pachymeninx and leptomeninx of cranial cavity and spine are considerably different in their collagenous fiber texture, cellular composition, vascularization, and innervation. The majority of meningeal nerve fibers terminate as free nerve endings whereas encapsulated and lamellated nerve terminals additionally occur in higher vertebrates including man. With respect to nerve fiber classification, arborization pattern, topography, and organization of the microenvironment at the termination site afferent and efferent nerve terminals are differentiated. Only the dura mater and the pial subcompartment of the leptomeninx possess the morphological prerequisites for neurogenic inflammation. In the current review, the results of morphological studies regarding the meningeal innervation including the sites of CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) production and absorption are discussed with emphasis on their structure-function relationships.

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Section: Regions Of Csf Production and Absorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nerve fibers innervating the cranial and spinal meninges: Morphology of nerve fiber terminals and their structural integration

Fricke

Andres

Düring

2001

Microscopy Res & Technique

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“…While intra- and extra-ventricular CSF flow in humans and rodents is comparable for the most part, they diverge at the point of resorption through arachnoid granulations. The human brain contains numerous arachnoid granulations while rodents have very few [10] and the choroid plexus plays a role in both the synthesis and resorption of CSF. In rodents, CSF is resorbed through fenestrated capillaries and venules of the choroid plexus that drain into the vein of Galen (vena cerebri interna and vena cerebri magna), in addition to the primary resorption route through the cerebral lymphatic system as well as the spinal cord [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The human brain contains numerous arachnoid granulations while rodents have very few [10] and the choroid plexus plays a role in both the synthesis and resorption of CSF. In rodents, CSF is resorbed through fenestrated capillaries and venules of the choroid plexus that drain into the vein of Galen (vena cerebri interna and vena cerebri magna), in addition to the primary resorption route through the cerebral lymphatic system as well as the spinal cord [10,11]. These differences make the use of animal models such as Bardet Biedl syndrome (BBS) mutant mice valuable tools for the study of non-arachnoid based communicating hydrocephalus and cilia dysfunction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural defects in cilia of the choroid plexus, subfornical organ and ventricular ependyma are associated with ventriculomegaly

Swiderski

Agassandian

Ross

et al. 2012

Fluids Barriers CNS

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BackgroundHydrocephalus is a heterogeneous disorder with multiple etiologies that are not yet fully understood. Animal models have implicated dysfunctional cilia of the ependyma and choroid plexus in the development of the disorder. In this report, we sought to determine the origin of the ventriculomegaly in four Bardet Biedl syndrome (BBS) mutant mouse strains as models of a ciliopathy.MethodsEvans Blue dye was injected into the lateral ventricle of wild- type and BBS mutant mice to determine whether obstruction of intra- or extra-ventricular CSF flow contributed to ventriculomegaly. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to examine the ultrastructure of the choroid plexus, subfornical organ (SFO), subcommisural organ (SCO), and ventricular ependyma to evaluate their ultrastructure and the morphology of their primary and motile cilia.Results and discussionNo obstruction of intra- or extra-ventricular CSF flow was observed, implying a communicating form of hydrocephalus in BBS mutant mice. TEM analyses of the mutants showed no evidence of choroidal papillomas or breakdown of the blood:CSF barrier. In contrast, structural defects were observed in a subpopulation of cilia lining the choroid plexus, SFO, and ventricular ependyma. These included disruptions of the microtubular structure of the axoneme and the presence of electron-dense vesicular-like material along the ciliary shaft and at the tips of cilia.ConclusionsAbnormalities in cilia structure and function have the potential to influence ciliary intraflagellar transport (IFT), cilia maintenance, protein trafficking, and regulation of CSF production. Ciliary structural defects are the only consistent pathological features associated with CSF-related structures in BBS mutant mice. These defects are observed from an early age, and may contribute to the underlying pathophysiology of ventriculomegaly.

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“…The fact that, in the stalk of all choroidal villi and in the head of the club-shaped villi, the vessels run very close to each other is in favour of a counter-current mechanism, which could help to cool the blood within the villi. Moreover, the stalk vein(s) could be an additional site for the resorption of the cerebrospinal, as well as for the interstitial fluid (Cserr et al 1977;Hashimoto et al, 1985).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The vascularization of the choroid plexus of the lateral ventricle of the turtle Pseudemys scripta elegans (Reptilia)

Weiger

Lametschwandtner

1988

Journal of Zoology

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With 3 plates in the text)The vascularization of the choroid plexus of the lateral ventricle of the turtle (Pseudemys scripta elegans) has been studied by means of vascular corrosion casts and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A single arterial supply via the choroidal artery and a two-fold venous drainage was found. By its form the plexus was subdivided into two parts: the body, and numerous villi projectingout of the body. The body consists of large convoluted arteries and veins which are covered by a network of vessels always greater than 15 pm in diameter. The villi are composed of a head consisting of vessels with a diameter of 16-50 pm and a stalk represented by one arteriole and one or two veins, which unite at the base of the stalk. An arteriovenous shunt occurs occasionally at the base of the stalk. By their angioarchitecture, six types of villi can be discerned: simple, club-shaped, flat, wrinkled, glomus-like and basket-like villi. Garland vessels were present around arteries only. In ultrathin sections the vessels of the head of a villus possess a thin endothelium with tentacle-like flaps which protrude into the lumen and many pinocytotic vesicles. These vessels were surrounded by a very fragmentary basement membrane and a dense layer of collagen fibrils.It is suggested that the different areas in the plexus, i.e. the various villi and the body, represent ..reas with different physiological functions

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Visualization of the cerebrospinal fluid drainage into the Galen's vein.

Cited by 14 publications

References 19 publications

Nerve fibers innervating the cranial and spinal meninges: Morphology of nerve fiber terminals and their structural integration

Nerve fibers innervating the cranial and spinal meninges: Morphology of nerve fiber terminals and their structural integration

Structural defects in cilia of the choroid plexus, subfornical organ and ventricular ependyma are associated with ventriculomegaly

The vascularization of the choroid plexus of the lateral ventricle of the turtle Pseudemys scripta elegans (Reptilia)

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