Mechanisms of cadmium carcinogenesis☆

Joseph, Pius

doi:10.1016/j.taap.2009.01.011

Cited by 449 publications

(309 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…This approach can help to develop molecular markers of Cd exposure, toxicity, and carcinogenesis that may be used in epidemiological studies for predicting the incidence of cancer in humans (29).…”

Section: Cadmium Toxicity and Carcinogenicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cadmium Toxicity Revisited: Focus on Oxidative Stress Induction and Interactions with Zinc and Magnesium

Matović

Buha

Bulat

et al. 2011

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology

177

122

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Discovered in late 1817, cadmium is currently one of the most important occupational and environmental pollutants. It is associated with renal, neurological, skeletal and other toxic effects, including reproductive toxicity, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity. There is still much to fi nd out about its mechanisms of action, biomarkers of critical effects, and ways to reduce health risks. At present, there is no clinically effi cient agent to treat cadmium poisoning due to predominantly intracellular location of cadmium ions. This article gives a brief review of cadmium-induced oxidative stress and its interactions with essential elements zinc and magnesium as relevant mechanisms of cadmium toxicity. It draws on available literature data and our own results, which indicate that dietary supplementation of either essential element has benefi cial effect under condition of cadmium exposure. We have also tackled the reasons why magnesium addition prevails over zinc and discussed the protective role of magnesium during cadmium exposure. These fi ndings could help to solve the problem of prophylaxis and therapy of increased cadmium body burden.

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Section: Cadmium Toxicity and Carcinogenicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cadmium Toxicity Revisited: Focus on Oxidative Stress Induction and Interactions with Zinc and Magnesium

Matović

Buha

Bulat

et al. 2011

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology

177

122

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“…Many papers describe its toxic effect on DNA and the damage to and inhibition of relative repair mechanisms (Emmanouil et al, 2007;Joseph, 2009;Pruski and Dixon, 2002), and the general reduction of protein synthesis coupled with an increase in stress proteins (Qian et al, 2012;Said Ali et al, 2010). Cadmium, whose effects in sublethal concentrations on fish metabolism are well known, has been shown to alter the structure and to cause morpho-pathological changes of varying severity in various organs (Atif et al, 2005;Thophon et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro effect of cadmium and copper on separated blood leukocytes of Dicentrarchus labrax

Vazzana¹,

Celi²,

Tramati³

et al. 2014

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

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a b s t r a c tThe immunotoxic effects of heavy metals on blood leukocytes of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) were examined. The cells, separated by a discontinuous Percoll-gradients, were exposed in vitro to various sublethal concentrations of cadmium and copper (10 À 7 M, 10 À 5 M, and 10 À 3 M) and their immunotoxic effect was then evaluated by measuring neutral red uptake, MTT assay, DNA fragmentation and Hsp70 gene expression. First of all, we demonstrated that the cells treated in vitro could incorporate Cd and Cu. A relationship between heavy metal exposure and dose-time-dependent alterations in responses of leukocytes from blood was found for both metals, but copper was more immunotoxic than cadmium in all assays performed. A significant reduction in the cells' ability to uptake neutral red and viability by MTT assay was recorded, indicating that both cadmium and copper could change the membrane permeability, inducing cellular apoptosis when the concentration of metals reached 10 À 3 M. The apoptotic effect may also explain the high level of cytotoxicity found when the leukocytes were exposed to higher concentration of metals. These results demonstrated that toxic effect of copper and cadmium affect on the mechanisms of cellmediated immunity reducing the immune defences of the organism.

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“…Cd cancerogenesis can be explained by several mechanisms: 1) aberrant gene expression, 2) inhibition of DNA damage repair, 3) induction of oxidative stress, and 4) inhibition of apoptosis. The most important among them is oxidative stress because of its involvement in Cd-induced aberrant gene expression, inhibition of DNA damage repair, and apoptosis [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cadmium concentration in biological media of breast cancer patients

Strumylaitė

Boguševičius

Abdrachmanovas

et al. 2010

Breast Cancer Res Treat

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The study aimed to determine and compare cadmium (Cd) concentration in different biological media of breast cancer and benign breast tumor patients. Methods Concentration of Cd was determined in breast tissue, urine and blood of 57 breast cancer and 51 benign tumor patients. Two samples of breast tissue from each patient, i.e. tumor and healthy tissue were taken for the analysis. Cd in biological media was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry (Perkin-Elmer, Zeeman 3030). Results The mean Cd concentration in breast cancer patients was 0.053 µg/g (95% CI=0.042-0.065) for tumor sample and 0.02 µg/g (95% CI=0.014-0.026) for healthy breast tissue sample (p<0.001). In benign tumor patients the figures were following: 0.037 µg/g (95% CI=0.023-0.051) and 0.032 µg/g (95% CI=0.018-0.047) (p>0.05). Cd content in malignant tumor significantly differed from that in benign tumor (p<0.01). Cancer patients with positive estrogenreceptors had significantly greater concentration of breast tissue Cd compared to patients with negative estrogenreceptors (p=0.035). Adjusted for creatinine Cd in urine was significantly higher in cancer patients than in controls (p<0.001). In cancer patients a positive Spearman's correlation was found between Cd in tumor and healthy breast tissue, blood (r=0.44 and r=0.39, respectively, p<0.01). Correlation between Cd in urine of cancer patients and number of cigarettes smoked during lifetime was suggestive (r=0.59, p=0.075). Conclusion The data obtained show higher concentration of cadmium in breast tumor and urine of cancer patients and support a possible relationship between cadmium and breast cancer.

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Mechanisms of cadmium carcinogenesis☆

Cited by 449 publications

References 96 publications

Cadmium Toxicity Revisited: Focus on Oxidative Stress Induction and Interactions with Zinc and Magnesium

Cadmium Toxicity Revisited: Focus on Oxidative Stress Induction and Interactions with Zinc and Magnesium

In vitro effect of cadmium and copper on separated blood leukocytes of Dicentrarchus labrax

Cadmium concentration in biological media of breast cancer patients

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