Mechanism of Seed Dormancy in Ambrosia Artemisiifolia

Willemsen, Roger

doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1972.tb10089.x

Cited by 29 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Improved germination by stratification at different time period has been reported in Ginkgo biloba for 12 weeks stratification period (West et al 1970), Ceanothus sanguinus for 4 months at 2−5 °C (Radwan et al 1977), Carpinus caroliana for 18 weeks at 4−5 °C (Bretzloff et al 1979), Cedrus deodara for one week (Thapliyal et al 1980) and Picea smithiana for two months at 2°C (Singh 1989). In the present study, moist chilling after GA 3 treatment has resulted in better germination for seeds, which was duly supported by many other studies (Roos et al 1971;Willemsen et al 1972). Nevertheless, the stratification-redry method has been shown to improve germination in Pacific silver fir (Abies amabilis), (Edwards 1982;Leadem 1986), subalpine fir (A. lasiocarpa), (Leadem 1988(Leadem , 1989, and Nordmann fir (A. nordmanniana), (Jensen 1997).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Beneficial effects of cold-moist stratification on seed germination behaviors of Abies pindrow and Picea smithiana

Rawat

Khanduri

Sharma

2008

Journal of Forestry Research

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A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of GA 3 , moist-chilling and temperature on seed germination of Abies pindrow and Picea smithiana from five different provenances. Seeds were soaked in GA 3 (10 mg⋅L -1 ) for 24 h, then chilled at 3−5°C for 15 days. Four temperature regimes viz. 10°C, 15°C, 20°C and 25°C were used for stimulating seed germination. Results showed that soaking and chilling significantly increased germination percentage. The germination percentage was highest at 10°C. Overall results showed that soaking seeds in GA 3 (10 mg⋅L -1 ) for 24 h, moist chilling for 15 days, and germinating at 10°C produced an effective germination in both the species studied. The statistical analysis of the data proclaimed significant effect of treatment, temperature, provenance and treatment with temperature interactions on seed germination.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Beneficial effects of cold-moist stratification on seed germination behaviors of Abies pindrow and Picea smithiana

Rawat

Khanduri

Sharma

2008

Journal of Forestry Research

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“…Seeds were collected from 15 plants within each population; these seeds were tested for viability (by squeezing) and sources were pooled before use. If seedlings were required, seeds were cold stratified at 4 °C for 5 weeks (Willemsen & Rice 1972; Willemsen 1975) and then were placed for 2 weeks on moistened filter paper in Petri dishes, which were incubated in a growth chamber (SG‐30, Econair Ecological Chambers, Winnipeg, MB, Canada) using a 16 h : 8 h, 25 °C : 15 °C light : dark cycle. This cycle mimics late spring conditions and is expected to maximize germination (Willemsen 1975).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local escape of an invasive plant, common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.), from above‐ground and below‐ground enemies in its native area

MacKay

Kotanen²

2008

Journal of Ecology

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Summary 1.The Enemy Release Hypothesis proposes that exotic species gain an advantage in new regions because their natural enemies are lost during invasion; however, enemy release could also occur as a result of much smaller scale movements within an invasive plant's native range, i.e. if it escapes enemies while colonizing new sites. Few studies have considered this possibility, and none has compared escape from multiple guilds of enemies. 2. We studied an invasive North American weed, Ambrosia artemisiifolia (common ragweed), to determine whether it escapes above-ground or below-ground enemies at a local scale in its native range. Exotic populations of this plant are known to have escaped above-ground enemies in Europe. 3. Experimental populations of ragweed isolated from existing populations by just 100 m experienced reduced levels of damage by invertebrate folivores and seed predators; however, there was no clear evidence that this escape led to improved performance. 4. Plants inoculated with unsterilized soil grew better than plants in sterile soil, likely reflecting a need for mycorrhizal colonization. Inoculum from ragweed populations was as beneficial as inoculum from nearby ragweed-free sites, suggesting only a small initial role for site-specific pathogens. 5. Performance declined over time when plants were serially inoculated with non-sterile soil, indicating negative feedback with the soil biota. This feedback was stronger for inocula derived from ragweed populations vs. those from nearby ragweed-free sites. 6. Seeds buried in ragweed populations were less likely to germinate subsequently than seeds buried in nearby ragweed-free sites. This difference was not reduced by treatment with fungicide; consequently, the mechanism is unclear. 7. Synthesis . These results indicate that ragweed can escape both above-ground and below-ground enemies by dispersing to new sites, resulting in reduced levels of folivory, seed predation, soil feedback and perhaps losses to seed pathogens. Although consequences often may be small, this demonstrates that enemy release can occur for native as well as exotic populations of this species, linking possible mechanisms of local spread with long-distance invasion.

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“…Seeds are dormant following their dispersal in autumn. This primary (innate) dormancy is then broken by low winter temperatures (optimally a few days around 4°C; Willemsen ) and seeds that do not germinate the next spring enter secondary (induced) dormancy (Bazzaz , ; Willemsen & Rice ; Willemsen ; Baskin & Baskin ). Secondary dormancy can also be induced by dark, low temperature fluctuations and high CO 2 concentration (Bazzaz ).…”

Section: Floral and Seed Charactersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Flora of the British Isles: Ambrosia artemisiifolia

et al. 2015

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Summary1. This account presents information on all aspects of the biology of Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. (Common ragweed) that are relevant to understanding its ecology. The main topics are presented within the standard framework of the Biological Flora of the British Isles: distribution, habitat, communities, responses to biotic factors, responses to environment, structure and physiology, phenology, floral and seed characters, herbivores and disease, and history, conservation, impacts and management. *Nomenclature of vascular plants follows Stace (2010) and, for non-British species, Flora Europaea.

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Mechanism of Seed Dormancy in Ambrosia Artemisiifolia

Abstract: ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThe author wishes to express his sincere thanks to Dr. E. L.

Cited by 29 publications

References 47 publications

Beneficial effects of cold-moist stratification on seed germination behaviors of Abies pindrow and Picea smithiana

Beneficial effects of cold-moist stratification on seed germination behaviors of Abies pindrow and Picea smithiana

Local escape of an invasive plant, common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.), from above‐ground and below‐ground enemies in its native area

Biological Flora of the British Isles: Ambrosia artemisiifolia

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