Mechanism of Reduction in an Oxygen Reactor for Ore–Coal Pellets Prepared with Low-Grade Manganese Ore

Manganese recovery from secondary resources: A green process for carbothermal reduction and leaching of manganese bearing hazardous waste

“…However, Indian coals have high ash content (30-45%) and their usage will cause generation of large quantity of solid waste, the disposal of which may again pose problems due to the presence of lead. Other reducing agents reported in literature for partial reduction of the ore include iron sulphide (pyrite) [11,12], graphite [13], sulphur slag [14], oxalic acid [15], carbohydrate (as glucose [16,17], as sucrose [18,19]), coal pellets containing coal, bituminous lacquer, shale oil [20], noncoking coal [21], and hydrogen [22]. Kholmogorov et al [11] as well as Parida et al [12] leached manganese values from manganese ores using sulphuric acid in the presence of pyrite in the temperature range of 80-100 and 70-95 • C respectively.…”