Mechanism of Reactive Orange 16 degradation with the white rot fungus Irpex lacteus

Fungal decolouration and degradation of azo dyes: A review

“…For example, the percentage of Acid Red 18 and Reactive Black 5 adsorbed by Schizophyllum commune diminished from 90 % to 27 % and from 92 % to 40 %, respectively, when the initial dye concentration was changed from 10 to 100 ppm (Renganathan et al,2006). Filamentous fungi oxidise azo dyes via peroxidases and phenoloxidases (Majeau et al, 2010;Duran and Esposito, 2000;Baldrian, 2006;Pazarlioglu et al, 2005;Svobodova et al, 2007;Erkurt et al, 2007;Husain and Husain, 2011), avoiding the amine generation problem present during azo dye reduction. The growth of filamentous fungi, enzyme production and subsequent dye degradation are affected by culture conditions, nutrient conditions, especially regarding N limitation, agitation, time, pH, temperature, carbon source, oxygen supply, additives and salts (Ayed et al, 2011;Gallizia et al, 2004;Asgher et al, 2008a,b;Khlifi et al, 2010;Parshetti et al, 2010;Karthikeyan et al, 2010;ZouariMechichi et al, 2006;Grinhut et al, 2011).…”

Transformation pathway of Remazol Brilliant Blue R by immobilised laccase

“…The identification of the metabolites produced during biodegradation as well as toxicity studies must be done to ensure the safety of the laccase-treated effluents. However, so far only a few studies regarding the metabolic pathway of azo dye degradation by ligninolytic enzymes have been performed (López et al, 2004;Martins et al, 2002Martins et al, , 2003Pereira et al, 2009;Svobodová et al, 2007). The aim of the present work was to determine the biotransformation products resulting from the laccase treatment of the anthraquinonic dye RBBR.…”

Enzymes from spent mushroom substrate of Pleurotus sajor-caju for the decolourisation and detoxification of textile dyes

“…The degradation of reactive orange 16 by photo-oxidation results in the cleavage of azo bond of dye molecule followed by oxidation of naphthalene group of the dye molecule to N-(3,4-bis-hydroxymethyl-phenyl)-acetamide and phthalic acid (Bilgi and Demir 2005). However, during the degradation of reactive orange 16 by MnP of I. lacteus, degradation products identified by liquid-chromatography-mass spectroscopy were 6-acetamido-3,4-dioxo-3, 4-dihydronapthalene-2-sulfonate, (E)-2-(4-acetamidophenyl)-1-carboxyethene sulfonate and 4-(2-hydroxyethylsulfonyl)phenolate (Svobodova et al 2007). In the present study, the mechanism of degradation of reactive orange 16 with LiP from the spent substrate of P. sajor-caju was not followed but as the degradation of dyes by peroxidases is an oxidative process, the degradation products similar to that observed by the action of MnP on reactive orange 16 might also be possible in the present study.…”