Laccases are an interesting group of multi copper enzymes, which have received much attention of researchers in the last decades due to their ability to oxidise both phenolic and nonphenolic lignin-related compounds as well as highly recalcitrant environmental pollutants. This makes these biocatalysts very useful for their application in several biotechnological processes, including the food industry. Thus, laccases hold great potential as food additives in food and beverage processing. Being energy-saving and biodegradable, laccase-based biocatalysts fit well with the development of highly efficient, sustainable, and eco-friendly industries.

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International audienceChloride ingress is one of the major causes of reinforced concrete (RC) deterioration. Free chloride induces the corrosion of rebars, reducing the material strength, and therefore, the structural behav- ior. This paper highlights the importance of chloride content measuring, and also summarizes the state of the art of non-destructive and in situ techniques for measuring chloride content into con- crete structures. These techniques have been developed over the past twenty years, and they have been shown as good alternatives in durability field. They are based on three methods: electrical resistivity (ER), ion selective electrode (ISE) and optical fiber sensors (OFS)

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