Mechanically Reconfigurable Organic Photonic Integrated Circuits Made from Two Electronically Different Flexible Microcrystals

Abstract

Fabrication of microscale organic photonic integrated circuits (μ-OPIC) from two electronically different flexible crystals via a mechanophotonics approach is demonstrated here. The experiments focus on the mechanical micromanipulation of orange-emitting (E)-1-(4-(dimethylamino)-phenyl) iminomethyl-2-hydroxyl-naphthalene (DPIN) and green-emitting (E)-1-(4bromo)iminomethyl-2-hydroxyl-naphthalene (BPIN) crystals with atomic force cantilever tip. The flexibility of these crystals originate from molecular H-bonding, CH•••π, and π•••π stacking interactions. These mechanically compliant crystals form exceedingly bent and photonically relevant reconfigurable geometries during micromanipulation, including three μ-OPICs.Remarkably, these μ-OPICs operate through passive-, active-waveguiding and energy transfer mechanisms. Depending upon the crystal's electronic nature (either BPIN or DPIN) receiving the optical signal input, the circuit executes mechanism-selective and direction-specific optical outputs. The presented proof-of-principle concepts can be used to fabricate complex photonic circuits with diverse, flexible crystals performing multiple optical functions.

Micromechanical Fabrication of Resonator Waveguides Integrated Four‐Port Photonic Circuit from Flexible Organic Single Crystals

“…For organic PICs (OPICs) fabrication, [ 29,30 ] resonators (ring resonator [RR] or cavities) and optical waveguides are essential components. When physically integrated with waveguides, a resonator could be used to control light propagation direction in the waveguides owing to its either clockwise or anti‐clockwise light routing operation.…”

Exciton‐Polaritons and Their Bose–Einstein Condensates in Organic Semiconductor Microcavities

“…Recent years have witnessed rapid developments in fabrication of microscale flexible crystal-based organic photonic integrated circuits using mechanical micromanipulation. [109][110][111][112][113] The utilization of exciton-polariton effects in organic photonic elements can result in more complex functionalities and nanoscale polaritonic circuits with highly flexibility. However, there are still some problems to be solved, for example, although the formation of exciton-polaritons can be deduced from the sudden increasement of refractive index in the high-energy regime and exciton-polariton model fitting results of the energy-wavevector dispersion curves, it is difficult to obtain direct experimental evidence, which is usually the anticrossing feature of spectroscopically resolved polariton branches, by angle-resolved spectroscopy.…”

Elastic Flexibility in an Optically Active Naphthalidenimine-Based Single Crystal

“…This also reduces the intensity of the signal at 480 nm and, at the same time, mak the signal at 545 nm more intense. A comparison of the BCPIN optical spectra with those of (E)-1-(4-bromo)iminom thyl-2-hydroxyl-naphthalene (BPIN) [34] shows that the additional chlorine atom exerts A comparison of the BCPIN optical spectra with those of (E)-1-(4-bromo)iminomethyl-2-hydroxyl-naphthalene (BPIN) [34] shows that the additional chlorine atom exerts a marked influence on the electronic structure of the molecule. The photoluminescence spectrum of BPIN only shows a single maximum (536 nm), in contrast to the dual maxima (480 and 545 nm) observed for BCPIN.…”

“…To this end, the present study explores the possibility of influencing the mechanical and optical properties of the reportedly mechanically flexible crystal (E)-1-(4-bromophenyl)iminomethyl-2-hydroxyl-naphthalene (BPIN) [34]. With well-defined chromophores, BPIN offers an excellent opportunity to consider how chemical modification can influence both mechanical and optical properties.…”