Mechanical Regulation of Actin Network Dynamics in Migrating Cells

Okeyo, Kennedy Omondi; Adachi, Taiji; Hojo, Masaki

doi:10.1299/jbse.5.186

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 110 publications

(171 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Origins of these stress fibers in keratocytes have not yet been well studied. At the leading edge, individual actin filaments oriented at a tilt angle of 35 with respect to the leading edge (49). As the cell is advancing, the bulk of the filaments are sent toward the cell body by treadmilling and ARF.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Stress Fibers in the Shape Determination Mechanism of Fish Keratocytes

Nakata

Okimura

Mizuno

et al. 2016

Biophysical Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Crawling cells have characteristic shapes that are a function of their cell types. How their different shapes are determined is an interesting question. Fish epithelial keratocytes are an ideal material for investigating cell shape determination, because they maintain a nearly constant fan shape during their crawling locomotion. We compared the shape and related molecular mechanisms in keratocytes from different fish species to elucidate the key mechanisms that determine cell shape. Wide keratocytes from cichlids applied large traction forces at the rear due to large focal adhesions, and showed a spatially loose gradient associated with actin retrograde flow rate, whereas round keratocytes from black tetra applied low traction forces at the rear small focal adhesions and showed a spatially steep gradient of actin retrograde flow rate. Laser ablation of stress fibers (contractile fibers connected to rear focal adhesions) in wide keratocytes from cichlids increased the actin retrograde flow rate and led to slowed leading-edge extension near the ablated region. Thus, stress fibers might play an important role in the mechanism of maintaining cell shape by regulating the actin retrograde flow rate.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Stress Fibers in the Shape Determination Mechanism of Fish Keratocytes

Nakata

Okimura

Mizuno

et al. 2016

Biophysical Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…43 Indeed, it has been suggested that a spatiotemporal feedback mechanism exists between actomyosin and FAs (cellsubstrate interaction) that optimizes rapid cell migration. 5,20,24,36 Similarly, myosin-dependent regulation of adhesions has also been reported in the cell-cell adherence junctions revealed by microfabricated force sensors. 33 Therefore, the formation of FAs over a gap can provide support needed to enable lamellipodial protrusion across the barrier gaps, thereby resulting in cell migration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…36,37,42 One of the major roles of myosin II in migrating keratocytes is the contraction at the rear of the cell within arc-shaped bundles of the SFs. In this region, active (force generating) myosin II distributes because the orientation of actin filaments is mixed (anti-parallel to each other).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7,9,36 FAs are complex structures consisting of integrin, vinculin, talin and a host of other associated molecules that link the actin cytoskeleton to the ECM. 44 While the formation of nascent FAs at the leading edge enables migrating cells to translate polymerization forces into leading edge protrusions, mature FAs are simultaneously disassembled by actomyosin-generated contractile forces, leading to retraction at the rear of the cell.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effect of Actomyosin Contractility on Lamellipodial Protrusion Dynamics on a Micropatterned Substrate

et al. 2011

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Actin polymerization-driven protrusion of the lamellipodia is a requisite initial step during actin-based cell migration, and is closely associated with attachment to the substrate. Although tremendous progress has been made in recent years toward elucidating the molecular details of focal adhesions, our understanding of the basic coordination of protrusion and adhesion, and how the two fundamental processes relate to actomyosin contractility is still inadequate. Therefore, to highlight the effect of cell-substrate interactions on the protrusive dynamics of the lamellipodia and to correlate protrusion with actomyosin activities, this study investigated the migration of fish epidermal keratocytes on fibronectin micropatterns intercalated with adhesionsuppressed gaps of varying widths. We show that insufficient adhesion associated with the gaps could limit lamellipodial protrusion such that the percentage of migrating cells decreases with an increase in gap width, and protrusion across the gaps is accompanied by ruffling. Moreover, our results suggest that up-regulating actomyosin contractility enhances the mechanical integrity of the actin cytoskeleton, leading to an increase in the width of the lamellipodia, and consequently, an increase in the percentage of cells migrating across the gaps. Thus, we demonstrate that the protrusion dynamics at the leading edge of migrating cells are functionally involved in the global mechanical regulation of actin cytoskeletal components that enable cell migration.

show abstract

“…The individual approaches employed at the different scales of the actin cytoskeleton are important for understanding the functions that are expressed at each scale. Studies aiming to elucidate cellular functions on the basis of the interactions of mechanical and biochemical factors in the dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton as a mechanical structure will thus become increasingly important (Okeyo et al 2010). Some of the functions of the actin cytoskeleton are also expressed over different temporal and spatial scales, and the development of new methods that can link the different concepts applied for the different scales is awaited with interest.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiscale modeling and mechanics of filamentous actin cytoskeleton

Yamaoka

Matsushita

Shimada

et al. 2011

Biomech Model Mechanobiol

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The adaptive structure and functional changes of the actin cytoskeleton are induced by its mechanical behavior at various temporal and spatial scales. In particular, the mechanical behaviors at different scales play important roles in the mechanical functions of various cells, and these multiscale phenomena require clarification. To establish a milestone toward achieving multiscale modeling and simulation, this paper reviews mathematical analyses and simulation methods applied to the mechanics of the filamentous actin cytoskeleton. The actin cytoskeleton demonstrates characteristic behaviors at every temporal and spatial scale, and mathematical models and simulation methods can be applied to each level of actin cytoskeletal structure ranging from the molecular to the network level. This paper considers studies on mathematical models and simulation methods based on the molecular dynamics, coarse-graining, and continuum dynamics approaches. Every temporal and spatial scale of actin cytoskeletal structure is considered, and it is expected that discrete and continuum dynamics ranging from functional expression at the molecular level to macroscopic functional expression at the whole cell level will be developed and applied to multiscale modeling and simulation.

show abstract

Mechanical Regulation of Actin Network Dynamics in Migrating Cells

Cited by 9 publications

References 110 publications

The Role of Stress Fibers in the Shape Determination Mechanism of Fish Keratocytes

The Role of Stress Fibers in the Shape Determination Mechanism of Fish Keratocytes

Effect of Actomyosin Contractility on Lamellipodial Protrusion Dynamics on a Micropatterned Substrate

Multiscale modeling and mechanics of filamentous actin cytoskeleton

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About