The Role of Stress Fibers in the Shape Determination Mechanism of Fish Keratocytes

Nakata, Takako; Okimura, Chika; Mizuno, Takafumi; Iwadate, Yoshiaki

doi:10.1016/j.bpj.2015.12.014

Cited by 17 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Traction force microscopy was performed according to the methods described previously [31,32] except for the mixture ratio of a type of PDMS (CY52-276A and B, Dow Corning Toray, Tokyo, Japan) as the material for the elastic substrata. CY52-276A and B were mixed at ratios of 10:7, 10:8, and 10:9 in weight to make substrata of different Young's moduli.…”

Section: Traction Force Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensing of substratum rigidity and directional migration by fast-crawling cells

et al. 2018

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Living cells sense the mechanical properties of their surrounding environment and respond accordingly. Crawling cells detect the rigidity of their substratum and migrate in certain directions. They can be classified into two categories: slow-moving and fast-moving cell types. Slow-moving cell types, such as fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, mesenchymal stem cells, etc., move toward rigid areas on the substratum in response to a rigidity gradient. However, there is not much information on rigidity sensing in fast-moving cell types whose size is ∼10 μm and migration velocity is ∼10 μm/min. In this study, we used both isotropic substrata with different rigidities and an anisotropic substratum that is rigid on the x axis but soft on the y axis to demonstrate rigidity sensing by fast-moving Dictyostelium cells and neutrophil-like differentiated HL-60 cells. Dictyostelium cells exerted larger traction forces on a more rigid isotropic substratum. Dictyostelium cells and HL-60 cells migrated in the "soft" direction on the anisotropic substratum, although myosin II-null Dictyostelium cells migrated in random directions, indicating that rigidity sensing of fast-moving cell types differs from that of slow types and is induced by a myosin II-related process.

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Section: Traction Force Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensing of substratum rigidity and directional migration by fast-crawling cells

et al. 2018

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“…4C), because stress fibers play an important role in the stable migration of keratocytes. 47 The cause of (iii) could not be determined in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…Primary cultures of fish epidermal keratocytes were prepared as described previously, 47,49,54 with small modifications. Briefly, a goldfish, Carassius auratus, was anesthetized with Tricaine.…”

Section: Cell Culturementioning

confidence: 99%

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Hybrid mechanosensing system to generate the polarity needed for migration in fish keratocytes

Okimura

Iwadate

2016

Cell Adhesion & Migration

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Crawling cells can generate polarity for migration in response to forces applied from the substratum. Such reaction varies according to cell type: there are both fast-and slow-crawling cells. In response to periodic stretching of the elastic substratum, the intracellular stress fibers in slow-crawling cells, such as fibroblasts, rearrange themselves perpendicular to the direction of stretching, with the result that the shape of the cells extends in that direction; whereas fast-crawling cells, such as neutrophil-like differentiated HL-60 cells and Dictyostelium cells, which have no stress fibers, migrate perpendicular to the stretching direction. Fish epidermal keratocytes are another type of fastcrawling cell. However, they have stress fibers in the cell body, which gives them a typical slowcrawling cell structure. In response to periodic stretching of the elastic substratum, intact keratocytes rearrange their stress fibers perpendicular to the direction of stretching in the same way as fibroblasts and migrate parallel to the stretching direction, while blebbistatin-treated stress fiberless keratocytes migrate perpendicular to the stretching direction, in the same way as seen in HL-60 cells and Dictyostelium cells. Our results indicate that keratocytes have a hybrid mechanosensing system that comprises elements of both fast-and slow-crawling cells, to generate the polarity needed for migration.

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“…In fact, egg chambers carrying integrin mutant FCs do not elongate properly 12, 17 . Stress fibers are important for the maintenance of shape in crawling cells 46 . However, more controversial is their role for the overall shape of a non-migrating cell.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrins control tissue morphogenesis and homeostasis by sustaining the different types of intracellular actin networks

Mateos

Valencia-Expósito

Míguez

et al. 2019

Preprint

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29Forces generated by the actomyosin cytoskeleton are key contributors to the 30 generation of tissue shape. Within the cell, the actomyosin cytoskeleton organizes in 31 different types of networks, each of them performing distinct roles. In addition, 32 although they normally localize to precise regions of the cells, they are rarely 33 independent and often their dynamics influence each other. In fact, the reorganization of 34 a given structure can promote the formation of another, conversions that govern many 35 morphogenetic processes. In addition, maintenance of a specific actomyosin network 36 organization in a differentiated tissue might be equally important. Failure to do so could 37 lead to undesired cell state transitions, which in turn would have drastic consequences 38 on the homeostasis of the tissue. Still, little is known about the mechanisms that ensure 39 controlled transitions between actomyosin networks during morphogenesis or their 40 maintenance in a differentiated tissue. Here, we use the Drosophila follicular epithelium 41 to show that cell-ECM interactions mediated by integrins are necessary for the 42 establishment and maintenance of the different actomyosin networks present in these 43 epithelial cells. Elimination of integrins in a group of follicle cells results in changes in 44 the F-actin levels and physical properties of their intracellular actomyosin networks. 45Integrin mutant follicle cells have reduced number of basal stress fibers. They also show 46 increased cortical F-actin levels and tension, which interferes with proper basal surface 47 growth. Finally, clonal elimination of integrins also triggers non-autonomous 48 behavioural changes in neighbouring wild types cells, which now reorganize their actin 49 cytoskeleton and spread and overlay the mutant ones. Based on these results, we 50propose that cell-ECM interactions mediated by integrins regulate epithelia 51 morphogenesis and homesostasis by preserving the different types of intracellular actin 52 networks. 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 Forces generated by F-actin networks are important contributors to the generation of 64 cell and tissue shape. The architecture and mechanical properties of the F-actin network 65 are modulated by myosin II motors and actin binding proteins (reviewed in 1 . The 66 molecular composition of contractile actin networks and bundles is highly conserved 67 among eukaryotic species 2 . Nevertheless, their organization and dynamics change 68 across different cell types, their position within the cell and the differentiation state of 69 the cell. 70 There are two main ways in which actomyosin networks can be organized within 71 the cell, as cortical two-dimensional meshworks below the plasma membrane or as 72 stress-fibers. Studies over the last decade have assigned distinct roles for these two 73 types of networks. Thus, while pulsatile contraction of cortical actomyosin meshworks 74 has been mainly implicated in the cell shape changes underlying key morphogenetic 75 processes, such as gastrulatio...

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The Role of Stress Fibers in the Shape Determination Mechanism of Fish Keratocytes

Cited by 17 publications

References 55 publications

Sensing of substratum rigidity and directional migration by fast-crawling cells

Sensing of substratum rigidity and directional migration by fast-crawling cells

Hybrid mechanosensing system to generate the polarity needed for migration in fish keratocytes

Integrins control tissue morphogenesis and homeostasis by sustaining the different types of intracellular actin networks

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